Cultivation methods and matters needing attention for sand fruits
As a characteristic fruit tree in the apple genus of the Rosaceae, Shaguo is widely loved for its sweet and sour fruits. With the rise of courtyard economy, mastering scientific cultivation techniques is particularly important to improve fruit quality. This paper will systematically elaborate on the scientific management plan for sand fruit trees from soil improvement to pruning and shaping. The soil substrate configuration standard for cultivating sand fruit trees is the best choice for sandy loam soil with a pH value of 6.5-7.5, and the soil layer depth needs to reach more than 80cm. When planting in saline-alkali land, it is recommended to use salt-isolation layer technology: after excavating a 1m³ planting hole, lay a 20cm straw layer at the bottom, fill the middle layer with 30cm sand, and backfill the surface layer with a mixed substrate of humus soil and river sand (ratio 2:1). The annual sunshine hours of the light control plan must be more than 1800 hours, especially during the flowering period, the average daily light should reach 6-8 hours. In the hot summer season, a 30% sunshade net can be built to prevent sunburn, but you need to ensure at least 4 hours of direct light every day. Precise management of water and fertilizer implements the "three fertilizers and five waters" system: high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 1.5kg/plant is top-applied during the germination period (March), and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (10-20-20) 2kg/plant is added during the fruit expansion period (June). After fruit picking (October), 10kg of decomposed sheep manure per plant is buried. Use drip irrigation systems to keep soil moisture at 60-70%, and dig drainage ditches in time during rainy seasons. The core link of sand fruit management is planted and operated in standardized manner. Select 80-100cm high grafted seedlings, and make the grafting mouth 3-5cm higher than the ground during planting. The technique of "three burials, two steps and one seedling lifting" is adopted: the first filling of soil to 1/3 of the seedlings is gently lifted, the second filling of soil to 2/3 of the soil is solid, and finally the filling is made into tree plates. The shaping and pruning system dense planting garden (2×3m) adopts a slender spindle shape: the main stem is reserved for 1m, and 12-15 main branches are selected and retained. The sparse planting garden (4×5m) cultivates a natural open heart shape: the base angle of the three main branches is maintained at 60°, and the summer picking and winter pruning are carried out every year to maintain the crown light transmittance of more than 30%.
Through scientific soil, fertilizer and water management and standardized trimming, sand fruit trees can achieve three years of fruit bearing and five years of high yield. It is recommended that growers establish a management log, record phenological period changes, and adjust management measures based on local climate characteristics, so as to obtain high-quality and high-yield economic benefits.