Nine Major Considerations for Cultivating Roses
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1. Soil mixture: For newly purchased roses, please use garden soil or sandy soil. Do not add any fertilizer at first, and when changing soil later, mix 30% peat soil, 5% chicken manure (too much will burn the plant), and the rest is your own garden soil. Make sure to mix well. Alternatively, use 30% grass charcoal, 5%-10% chicken manure, 5% vermiculite, 5% perlite, and add garden soil. Beginners should note this. If you can't control the amount of chicken manure, you can omit it. Fertilize gradually later. If it's hard to find soil, you can use nutrient soil mixed with 30% sand. When planting, first put 20 cm of soil in the pot, place the rose upright in the middle, then fill the soil, press it down, and make sure the soil is deep enough, 2 cm away from the pot's top.
2. Pesticide application: Pesticides should be applied every half month. In hot weather, apply every 10 days. For disinfection, use potassium permanganate, chlorothalonil, and thiophanate-methyl alternately. The higher the temperature, the shorter the interval. For pest control, use dimethoate and dichlorvos.
3. Pot size: The smallest pot should not be less than 20 cm. The hole at the bottom of the pot should not be too small, otherwise, it won't drain well. It should be as large as a 50-cent coin (YING). Our garden pots have three holes. Plastic or clay pots are fine. Porcelain pots are not recommended due to poor ventilation.
4. Watering: Water when dry and drain when wet. Water thoroughly. For ground planting, throw the hose into the pool for 20 minutes in the summer when temperatures are high. For pot planting, water until it quickly seeps down. Stick a chopstick into the soil to check the moisture at the bottom.
5. Do not fertilize when roses just sprout. Apply urea or compound fertilizer when the leaves unfold, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate when the buds appear. The interval between each application is 10-15 days depending on the temperature. The higher the temperature, the shorter the interval. Fertilize before it rains.
6. For pot-grown roses, change the soil once in spring and be careful of wind. When the temperature is high, water thoroughly.
7. It's normal for rose leaves to turn yellow during transplantation. Remove the yellow leaves. It's fine if all the leaves fall off. Be brave and cut. After transplantation, water sparingly at first, then water when it dries. After a while, new roots and leaves will grow. Don't rush.
8. The optimal growing temperature for roses is between 15-25 degrees Celsius. It's safe to plant in areas above freezing. Due to temperature differences, roses received with bare roots should be soaked in water for 30 minutes to 1 hour, not too long. Those with soil don't need to be soaked. If not planted immediately after unpacking, cover the roots. After planting, keep them in a shaded area for 20-30 days or cover with a black plastic bag for 2 weeks. You can also use a flower pot or a cardboard box with holes. This can slow down the rapid evaporation of moisture after the roses are exposed to light, preventing the branches from providing enough nutrients and causing the buds to wither.剪短一些 Cut back some if the top buds are wilted or the branches are turning black. There can be various reasons, such as poor soil, too much fertilizer, strong wind, insufficient water, or too much sun. If the buds wilt after sprouting, the best solution is to cut them back quickly. Water thoroughly each time, and only fertilize after leaves have grown.
9. If a rose plant has black spot or powdery mildew, isolate it and remove the diseased leaves to prevent the spread to other plants. Some fungal diseases naturally improve after winter. Rose branches are not necessarily all green; they can also be other colors. Don't assume the plant is unhealthy just because the color is deep.
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The above is an introduction to the nine major considerations for rose cultivation, which can be used as a reference.