Rosa propagation methods and cultivation techniques
Let me tell you about the knowledge of Rosa propagation methods and cultivation techniques in the aspect of flowers and plants. The following editor will answer your questions in detail
Rosa propagation methods and cultivation techniques
Rosa, also known as China rose, monthly red, and monthly flower, is a evergreen or semi-evergreen shrub of the Rosaceae family, Rosaceae. There are many varieties, rich in flower colors, blooming all year round, colorful, and most varieties have aroma, which can be extracted as spices. The flowers, leaves, and roots can be used as medicine. It is a precious medicinal and ornamental flower loved by people. It can be planted in the ground, potted, or made into a bonsai.
I. Propagation
1. Cutting
Rosa, often before germination in spring, cut the strong branches of the previous year, or cut the young branches and mature branches with heels in summer and autumn, cut into sections with 3-5 leaf nodes, retain 1-2 upper leaves, cut off the remaining leaves, make the upper incision flat and the lower incision oblique into a horseshoe shape, put it into a water basin while cutting; After cutting, treat the cuttings with rooting powder or willow extract to improve the survival rate. The depth of cutting is 2-3 leaf nodes of the cutting, using loose sandy soil as the cutting matrix, and should be covered with plastic film to keep warm in winter and spring, and properly shaded in summer and autumn. Water in time, often spray foliar mist, about one month after cutting, it can take root, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%.
2. Layering
Rosa, in the growing season, can use low-branch layering propagation, that is, bend the branches from the mother plant and press them into the soil, make a semi-broken branch or ring剥皮 about 1 cm wide in the middle of the branch in the soil, expose the branch tip, keep the matrix of the inserted part moist, wait for the pressed branch to grow adventitious roots and new leaves at the branch tip, and then cut it off from the mother plant. It can also be pressed directly into the potting soil.
3. Division
Rosa, before germination in spring or in late September and early October, can be propagated by division. That is, dig up the whole plant of the Rosa in tufts and divide it, each with 1-2 branches and fibrous roots, cut off the long branches, dip the roots in mud slurry, and plant them separately.
4. Sowing
Rosa, in February and March of spring, can be propagated by sowing. Sow in loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage and ventilation, either broadcasting, sowing in rows, or sowing in holes. For a small amount of propagation at home, pot sowing can be used. Pay attention to keep the film warm and properly shade in summer. It is best to transplant into pots with soil in late September to early October or before germination in March to April.
5. Grafting
Rosa grafting, often uses wild rose as the rootstock. Before germination in spring, stem grafting propagation is carried out; or in late August and September, "T" shaped bud grafting propagation is carried out. When grafting, it is required to master skilled grafting techniques, the cutting knife should be sharp, the cutting surface should be smooth, preferably one cut, the operation should be fast, pay attention to the alignment of the callus layer between the rootstock and the scion, tie it with plastic strips, pay attention to proper shading, and about 2 weeks later, the wound can heal.
II. Modeling
Rosa, in the seedling stage, should be trimmed and modeled in time to promote dwarfing, which is beneficial for potting. Generally, when the plant is 15-20 cm high, keep the plant height at 10-15 cm for short cutting and topping to promote branching. When the lateral branches grow to 10-12 cm, keep 6-10 cm for topping. Repeat the short cutting and topping 3-5 times to make the plant dwarf and branching. Generally, trim into a natural open heart shape. For the Rosa varieties in tufts, it is appropriate to thin the branches, that is, to cut the dense branches that do not bloom.
Rosa making bonsai, is to use the beautiful and ancient wild rose tree桩 as the rootstock, raise the桩 well, and then graft on the appropriate part of the new branch, mostly using small flower varieties of fragrant flowers and flowering Rosa healthy mother plants as scions for grafting and cultivation. Use the advantages of wild rose rootstock and the characteristics of small flowers, dense branches, and many flowers of small fragrant Rosa, usually remove the germination of the rootstock in time, and tie and prune the scion, mostly剪扎 into cloud shape, natural shape, hemisphere shape, steamed bun shape, umbrella shape or spherical shape, etc., to make a Rosa bonsai with beautiful rootstock and beautiful flowers.
III. Transplanting and Potting
1. Selecting Pot
Rosa, according to the size of the plant, should choose pots of suitable size. As the plant grows larger, larger pots should be replaced. The color of the pot should be determined by the color of the Rosa, and the color of the pot should contrast with the color of the flowers. Zisha pots and glazed pottery pots are the best, and other pots such as clay pots, tile pots, unglazed pots, plastic pots, nutrient bags, nutrient bowls, etc. can also be used. You can also start with small pots in the seedling stage and gradually replace them with larger suitable pots as the plants grow. The pot shapes are common in circular, square, polygonal, or lotus pots. Rosa bonsai pots should be selected according to the shape of the tree trunk, usually rectangular or elliptical pots.
2. Preparation of Cultivation Soil
Rosa, cannot use alkaline soil for planting, it is best to use loose and fertile sandy soil rich in humus and good drainage and ventilation as微酸性 soil. Use 4 parts of loose and fertile mountain humus soil, peat soil, decayed leaf soil, garden soil, pond soil, etc., 2 parts of river sand, coal slag, sandy loam, weathered rock, etc., 2 parts of decomposed high-quality farm manure, poultry manure, pen manure, barn manure, silkworm sand, cake fertilizer, etc., 1 part of bone meal, shell powder, eggshell powder, shrimp and crab shell powder, etc., 1 part of decomposed sawdust, bark chips, coconut bran,砻糠灰, grain shell carbon, edible fungi下脚料, etc., add 5% superphosphate and 1% potassium sulfate, mix and stir evenly as the cultivation soil.
3. Potting and Planting
Rosa, is often transplanted and potted before germination in spring, or in late September and early October in autumn, preferably with soil. When bare-root transplanting, it is best to dig and plant immediately, or soak the roots in water for 1-2 hours before potting. First, prune the roots and branches, then dip the roots in mud slurry, put decomposed animal bones, hooves, shrimp and crab shells, etc. as basal fertilizer at the bottom of the pot, fill in the cultivation soil, and plant in the pot. It is best to add a little superphosphate and an appropriate amount of rooting powder or willow extract to the mud slurry, which is beneficial to improve the survival rate of transplanting.
IV. Maintenance Management
1. Maintenance Environment
Rosa, loves light, in the growing season, it is best to keep it in a place with sufficient sunlight and good ventilation. From 11 am to 2 pm in summer, it is appropriate to shade and pay attention to the ventilation and cooling of the environment. In winter, in the south, it can be maintained in a sunny place away from the wind, and in the north, it should be moved indoors or into a greenhouse, keeping 5℃-10℃ is good. If conditions permit, maintaining more than 6 hours of sunlight every day and keeping the temperature above 18℃ can make it continue to bloom in winter.
2. Watering
Rosa, in the growing season, should pay attention to watering in time to keep the pot soil slightly dry and slightly wet, follow the principle of not watering when the pot soil is not dry and watering thoroughly when watering. After germination in spring, water thoroughly once a day or every other day at noon; in summer and autumn, water in the evening and supplement water in the morning of the next day. In winter, less watering should be done to keep the pot soil slightly dry. In the rainy season, it is best not to let it rain; in the full flowering period, attention should be paid to water control, as long as the pot soil does not lose water.
3. Topdressing
Rosa, in the growing season, should be watered with 3-4 times of thin and decomposed farm manure water, fishy water or cake fertilizer water every month; in the bud stage, it is appropriate to apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and can be watered with 10% chicken manure bone meal fertilizer water and 5% calcium superphosphate and 1% potassium sulfate solution, or 5% potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer water, once every 10 days; do not topdress during the full flowering period and when the temperature is too low in winter; after flowering, topdress in time. In hot summer weather, less topdressing or no topdressing should be done.
4. Loosening Soil
Rosa, in the growing season, should be loosened once a month on the pot surface to keep the soil loose and breathable, which is beneficial for the growth and flowering of Rosa. Generally, the depth of loosening is 1-5 cm. In October, the last loosening should be carried out, and after loosening, sprinkle some decomposed dry farm manure, cake fertilizer, bone meal, etc. on the pot surface as overwintering base fertilizer, which is beneficial for the overwintering and growth and flowering of the plant the next year.
5. Pruning
Rosa, from late October to the following spring before germination, should have a heavy pruning and shaping, cut off the messy branches, thin the dense branches, and cut all the branches short; or cut the branches 5-8 cm away from the pot surface for short; for those that continue to bloom in winter, only a proper short cut is required. In the growing season, cut off the luxuriant branches and leaves that do not bloom, thin the dense weak branches, cut the long branches short to promote more flowering branches; after each flowering, cut off the residual flower stems in time. For grafted Rosa, the germination of the rootstock should be removed in time.
6. Repotting and Changing Soil
Rosa, should be repotted and changed soil once a year, preferably before germination in spring, remove two-thirds to three-quarters of the old soil, cut off the withered roots, rotting roots, and diseased roots, and short剪过长根系, apply enough base fertilizer at the bottom of the pot, replace with new prepared cultivation soil, and repot and plant. At the same time, the branches and leaves should also be pruned.
7. Pest and Disease Control
Rosa, mainly has powdery mildew, leaf spot, black spot, virus disease, and pests such as heart drills, aphids, scale insects, caterpillars, Rosa three-segment leaf bees, and leaf mites. Usually, attention should be paid to strengthening cultivation and maintenance management, keeping the maintenance environment well-lit and well-ventilated; in summer and early autumn, pay attention to proper shading and cooling of the environment; in winter, in addition to keeping the temperature above 5℃, sufficient sunlight and air circulation are required, and timely ventilation should be carried out. Usually, it is necessary to check frequently, once pests and diseases are found, spray chemicals for control in time. The cut branches and leaves should be collected and incinerated or buried deeply.
That is all the content of Rosa propagation methods and cultivation techniques, do green plant lovers understand?