How to care for flowering roses
Today, the editor will explain how to care for flowering roses and the planting and management techniques of potted roses. Continue reading!
Red Rongrong and Yellow Rongrong are both types of flowering roses. Named after their bright red or yellow colors, they bloom in clusters, with symmetrical and lush flowers. The size of the flowers is moderate, generally with a diameter of about 5cm, and the stem height is within 60cm. They grow vigorously, with strong roots, bright flowers that last a long time, and a strong adaptability to the natural environment. They can still bloom in high temperatures, cold, or drought conditions, making them very popular. This variety of roses can continue to bloom from April to October. When there is insufficient water, the remaining flowers need to be pruned before they can continue to bloom in the later stages.
Western Earth
1.2 Western Earth
Western Earth is a type of climbing rose, with orange or bright red buds, cup-shaped, ovoid buds, and many flowers clustered together to form larger flower clusters. The petals gradually become lighter in color, with a diameter of about 8~10cm and about 20 buds. The flowers are bright in color, with an early flowering period and changing colors. They are resistant to dark spots, white powdery mildew, and have strong cold tolerance. Due to the short flowering period of Western Earth, only 7~10 days, and the flowers in a cluster do not bloom together, but always alternate, lacking a peak blooming period, the plant is upright, with vigorous growth and development, but the branches do not grow evenly, with some branches easily becoming leggy, which affects the landscape effect. In addition, due to the dense thorns of Western Earth, it also causes some trouble in daily maintenance and management. Therefore, it is rarely used in places like elevated bridges.
Angela
1.3 Angela
Angela is a type of climbing rose and is currently one of the main types of roses used in landscaping. The flowers are pink, with a lighter color in the center and a height of about 80~150cm. The main characteristic of Angela is that it blooms in large clusters, with a very large number of flowers, and the longest blooming period of a single flower can exceed 20 days. It blooms continuously in multiple seasons, with a very long flowering period, good repeated blooming, and fast growth rate. Therefore, the plant can quickly form a large blooming landscape, with good greening benefits in gardens. However, the downside is that the flower shape is small, and reasonable pruning is needed after planting to promote continuous blooming.
Fairyland
1.4 Fairyland
Fairyland is a branch of flowering roses, with flowers often in bright pink, with a diameter of about 5~8cm. It is highly adaptable to the natural environment and easy to care for, with strong drought resistance, flood resistance, heat resistance, cold resistance, disease resistance, dense flowers, large number of flowers, high flower clusters, good concentration, and long flowering period. In Hangzhou, the blooming period can be extended to the beginning of January of the next year. However, in the hot summer, the color of the Fairy Queen will become lighter, seriously affecting the visual appreciation.
1.5 Apricot Blossom Village
Apricot Blossom Village is also a type of flowering rose, with pink flowers as the main color, bright and vibrant, vigorous growth, extremely cold-resistant, disease-resistant, and drought-resistant. The branches and leaves of the red apricot flower literary society are lush, with strong branching ability and rapid development. The flowers are clustered. The flowers gather at the top of the branches and also form clusters when in bloom. The blooming period can last from the Hangzhou area to the beginning of January of the next year. However, due to its strong growth, it requires regular pruning every year. The downside is that the color is relatively dark in hot seasons. However, the group beauty of the Red Star Hua culture society has outstanding visual effects and strong environmental adaptability, making it very suitable for elevated landscapes.
2 The nature of roses
2.1 Ecological habits
For most varieties of roses, cold resistance is relatively good. They can spend the winter outdoors in areas outside the north. However, in northern China, where the temperature is extremely low, roses must be covered with soil to keep warm during winter. Although roses like light, there are no special requirements for the duration of sunlight exposure. If roses are moved to a high-temperature greenhouse for cultivation in winter, although they can bloom smoothly, there will be some obstacles in their subsequent development. Roses also have relatively low requirements for soil quality. Generally speaking, they prefer loamy soil and clay soil. The growth conditions are poor in sandy and acidic soil, but they can resist weak acidic soil and have strong resistance to fertility. Therefore, we must continue to fertilize to meet the requirements of flowering and fruiting.
2.2 The relationship between roses and temperature
Observation and statistics in recent years have shown that the flowering period of roses is generally from May to November. Because roses are not afraid of frost, the flowers and leaves will only gradually wither after snow. Like light, fertilizer, and water, roses can also resist drought and barren soil. Because roses like temperature, but not extreme heat, in the scorching summer, although roses can flourish, the number of flowers is very small, the flower buds are small, or they do not bloom in the scorching environment. Although measures such as reasonable pruning, increasing nitrogen and potassium, shading, and frequent watering have reduced the phenomenon of not blooming, the number and quality of flowers still cannot meet the level of spring flowering. In places with extensive climate management in northern China, in the hot July to August, roses can also bloom thinly, or even only have leaves without flowers. However, from the end of September to October, when the climate gradually cools down, regardless of how loose the management is, roses can all bloom a large number of colorful and beautiful flowers.
3 Care and management of potted roses
3.1 Planting soil
Soil is one of the important factors for plant growth. Plants directly absorb water, air, and other mineral elements from the soil. Therefore, soil is also an important material basis for plant growth, especially for roses. The selection and matching of planting soil are related to the future development of roses. Due to the limited capacity of potted roses, they can only accommodate a small amount of soil, so the quality of the soil is relatively high. Generally, before cultivation, two or more types of soil media are mixed in a certain proportion, rather than a single medium.
The soil substrate for cultivating roses can be roughly divided into three types: waterproof, fertilizer-retaining, and loose and breathable. Generally speaking, the common soil media used for waterproofing and fertilizer retention are peat soil, fine coconut husk, vegetable garden soil, northeast black soil, alpine soil, pond mud, etc. The loose and breathable media are generally perlite, coarse coconut shell, loose scales, coarse sand, coal mine slag, shavings, rice husk carbon, peanut shell, and other media that can be waterproof, fertilized, permeable, and ventilated, that is, humus soil, fine sandy loam soil, and shaving stone. Leaf humus soil is rich in natural organic matter, humic acid, vitamins, auxins, and trace elements; however, roses like fertile and moist soil, and they fear drought and waterlogging. Therefore, it is necessary to choose sandy loam soil with loose texture, sufficient organic matter, good drainage and permeability, water retention, and soil fertility, and choose slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6.6~6.8. According to the experience of rose care, mix sawdust, slightly acidic yellow soil, and tea dregs in appropriate proportions, then spray the corresponding proportion of soil growth hormone water, and continue to apply humic acid for about 3~4 months. The advantages of this soil are that the soil structure is loose, the fertility is rich, and it has good air permeability and ventilation, which is conducive to the propagation of roses, and it is easy to use and saves costs. For the soil where roses have been cultivated, 3~5cm of tea dregs and peat can be applied in spring and winter to improve the soil, which can reduce the growth and development of weeds and improve the soil structure.
3.2 Fertilizer management
Roses like fertilizer, and the amount and method of fertilizing roses vary in each growth and development season. Therefore, the principles of frequent application, less application, and light application should be mastered according to seasonal characteristics and growth and development stages. Among the essential nutrients required for rose production, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the largest nutrients required by roses. The main effect of nitrogen fertilizer is to promote the vigorous growth of rose branches and leaves, making the leaves bright and green. However, excessive nitrogen fertilizer can cause roses to become leggy. The main function of phosphorus is to promote the development of rose roots, improve cold resistance and drought resistance, and promote flower growth, rich fruits, and colorful flowers. Phosphorus can only make roses root, bloom, and bear fruit, but without phosphorus, roses will find it difficult to bloom. Even if they bloom, the flowers will be fewer, and the color will be smaller. Potassium mainly promotes the strong growth and development of roses, making the stems thick and hard, and can improve the resistance of roses to diseases, pests, and plant branches. When top-dressing, avoid the dangerous fertilizing period, that is, the early stage of growth and development. Due to the delicate roots and poor resistance to soil fertility, no fertilizer should be applied during this period. From the greening period of the new shoots to the plum rain season, the new shoots fully stretch, which is also the most vigorous period of growth and development for roses, with a large consumption of soil nutrients. A large amount of balanced comprehensive fertilizer is usually applied, usually 2.5kg per plant, for leaf top-dressing, applying or watering 1000 times balanced liquid fertilizer and 1000 times growth hormone solution. The fertilization time is usually 5~7 days. In addition, before the appearance of flower buds in mid-April, high-phosphorus comprehensive fertilizer can be applied to promote the differentiation of flower buds and promote the growth and development of buds. During the plum rain season and early summer, high-phosphorus comprehensive fertilizer and high-phosphorus liquid fertilizer are generally used to make the plant branches stronger, allowing roses to grow well even in the hot and dry environment of summer. In the hot period of July to August, roses are close to 0.5 dormancy. Lack of fertilizer can easily cause plant death; the second vigorous growth and development period of roses throughout the year is from late August to mid-October, focusing on the combination of balanced comprehensive fertilizer, balanced liquid fertilizer, and growth hormone. After autumn, increase the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer or reduce the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to control the growth and development of new shoots, which is beneficial for wintering: do not fertilize after mid-November. Fertilizing can easily cause plants to grow in vain. Before the beginning of spring, apply calcium magnesium phosphate + bone meal, and do not apply cow dung or sheep dung. Chicken manure and pigeon manure should not be used to promote the growth and development of plant roots and increase flower buds in the coming year. Each pruning of roses should be combined with top-dressing to supplement the nutrients required for the blooming plants in a timely manner, promoting root differentiation and new bud formation.
3.3 Pesticide management
The most common pests and diseases of potted roses are black spot disease, aphids, moths, red spider mites, and thrips. Among them, black spot disease is caused by fungi. In the early stage of occurrence, small dots generally in brown appear on the leaves, and after a period of time, the dots gradually spread to form deeper spots. There is black mold on the spots, and there are obvious radial lines around them. In severe cases, the lesions are connected into fragments, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off, seriously harming the growth and development of the plants. The outbreak time of red and black spots is from April to May and August to September, mainly in April to July, mid-August, and November. The main prevention method is to use 1000 times methyl tobutin, carbendazim, or mancozeb alternately. Note that red and black spots are most susceptible to infection 2~3 days after heavy rain, and the incubation period is about one month, so it is necessary to spray the medicine early after heavy rain. Adult aphids mainly suck the sap from the buds, tender leaves, and bone flowers, and there will be a large-scale occurrence of honeydew-like black exudates. The onset period is mainly in spring and early summer, and 1000 times of transdermal abamectin or 1000 times of imidacloprid solution can be used for prevention. Moths generally eat the leaves of roses, and 500~1000 times of emamectin benzoate can be used for prevention. Red spider mites are beneficial to produce and cause harm in hot and dry seasons. They first absorb the sap of the leaves, causing the leaves to become yellow small spots, which then gradually spread to the whole leaf, causing the leaves to curl, turn yellow, or fall off. During the outbreak period of the disease, 15% of the da mitonin emulsion can be sprayed. Thrips suck the sap of the flowers and branches of roses, making the plant grow poorly. If the area of the disease is small, the infected branches can be pruned, otherwise, 1000 times of dithiobenzamide can be used for prevention. Note that in practical applications, to increase production efficiency, the above-mentioned drugs can be mixed and used.
3.4 Water management
Water supplementation is a key requirement for the normal growth and development of plants. If there is insufficient water, the normal growth and development of plants will also be seriously affected. Since roses like a mild and humid environment, but are also drought-resistant, it is necessary to adhere to the basic principles of drying and thorough watering. For example, when the surface soil is dry, water it, and carry out scientific fertilization and water management according to the growth of the plant, but also understand its water demand characteristics in different stages of natural growth and development. Due to different natural growth and development stages, flexible control of seasonal changes, temperature, air humidity, and soil physical properties should be mastered. Generally speaking, the water demand is relatively low in the early stage of axillary bud germination, and water should be controlled in a timely manner; after axillary bud germination, entering the stage of new shoot growth and development, branching, and leaf release, the water demand gradually increases, and the combination of "promotion" and "control" should be applied; when the water demand reaches its peak, sufficient water supply should be provided in the stage of bud development, and the soil moisture should be ensured frequently; after the flowers fall off, it is necessary to keep the soil dry and wet to promote the growth of roots and stems, and accumulate the ability of flower bud differentiation and growth and development in the next batch. Therefore, in the spring, it is necessary to be particularly careful not to water prematurely and excessively for climbing roses, in order to prevent axillary buds from germinating prematurely and being affected by spring cold and late frost.
4 Application and configuration of roses in Hangzhou
4.1 Road greening
Since the implementation of the "Home Beautification Project" in Hangzhou in 2009, roads have always been the main types of landscape green spaces for the transformation of urban environmental greening and brightening. In the transformation process, a large number of plant varieties with bright colors, long flowering periods, and good resistance to pests and diseases were selected, as shown in Figure 1. In the green spaces of the vehicle lanes of Moganshan Road, Daguan Road, and Fengtan Road, rose varieties such as "Fairyland", "Xinghua Village", and "Mohaime Palace" were selected. In the green spaces of Century Street, Starlight Street, Daguan Road side, and Zhijiang East Road side, where there are many types of roads, they are set up in groups or clusters, providing Hangzhou's urban road landscape with rich, colorful, and charming urban landscapes.
How to care for flowering roses
Road greening
4.2 Elevated roses
In recent years, with the rapid development of our country, the changes in urban traffic have also been changing rapidly, with more and more elevated highway construction projects, and urban residents have higher and higher demands for the environment, and have put forward higher requirements and pursuits for urban landscape construction. Therefore, the construction of elevated urban landscapes is a key link in urban landscape construction, and the unique growth environment and urban functions of elevated landscapes have put forward higher requirements for the selection of landscape flowers. Due to poor environmental conditions and insufficient water, the flowers selected not only have to withstand the cold winter but also the hot summer, without affecting the ground traffic landscape. Therefore, roses are especially suitable for elevated landscaping. Due to their drought resistance, flood resistance, disease resistance, long flowering period, bright colors, and numerous varieties. Since 2010, roses have been planted on elevated roads in Hangzhou, achieving remarkable results and forming a beautiful scenery line in Hangzhou, as shown in Figure 2.
The above introduction to the care of flowering roses, potted rose care and management techniques are all for your comprehensive understanding and reference!