Cultivation and Management of Cut Rose
Today, the editor will elaborate on the knowledge of rose cultivation, specifically focusing on cut roses. The details are as follows:
Roses have brilliant colors and elegant fragrance, and have always been loved by people. Cultivating fresh cut roses in a solar greenhouse can supply the market throughout the year (G-Y), which can be a new way for farmers to become prosperous.
I. Grafting Propagation. Use wild roses or special rootstock varieties as the rootstock, and perform grafting using the branch grafting method or bud grafting method. Sow the rootstock at the beginning of April, and transplant in April of the following year. The seedbed should be selected with fertile and loose sandy soil, with a spacing of 20 cm × 80 cm, and bud grafting is done in June. The plants are ready for planting in the third spring.
II. Soil Preparation. Choose fertile, loose, organic-rich, and well-drained sandy loam, and use fully decomposed livestock manure as a base fertilizer, applying 45,000 to 60,000 kilograms per hectare, then disinfect the soil. The methods are: methyl bromide, use 10 kilograms per 100 square meters, cover the soil with plastic film for more than a week after treatment; meta sodium, use 7.5 liters per 100 square meters, cover the soil with plastic film for more than two weeks after treatment; ditrypate mixture, use 2.8 liters per 100 square meters, cover the soil with film for more than two weeks after treatment.
III. Scientific Planting. Use the ridge planting method. Ridge width is 1 meter, height is 10 to 15 centimeters, plant two rows per ridge, with large row spacing of 90 to 100 centimeters, small row spacing of 30 centimeters, plant spacing of 20 centimeters, density of 6 to 8 plants per square meter, and alley width of 20 to 30 centimeters.
IV. Adjusting Temperature and Humidity. In solar greenhouse cultivation, the daytime temperature should be around 20°C to 25°C, not exceeding 28°C, the nighttime temperature should be maintained at 12°C to 15°C, relative humidity at 65% to 75%, and pay attention to ventilation.
V. Reasonable Fertilization. Roses love fertilizer, root application is possible, and foliar spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, high potassium fertilizer, and ferrous sulfate foliar fertilizer can also be used. Apply less frequently but more frequently. Generally, liquid fertilizer is applied once every 10 days, and compound fertilizer is applied in winter.
VI. Water Management. Dry irrigation and wet drainage. After planting the seedlings in spring, water thoroughly, then loosen the soil, and water appropriately according to the situation. In summer, when the soil temperature is high, watering should be done after 5 p.m. Roses can tolerate drought but fear waterlogging, so when there is heavy rainfall, drainage should be done and weeds should be removed and the soil loosened regularly.
VII. Pruning and Pinching. 1. Pruning. Roses should be pruned before planting, and flower buds should be removed after planting. Begin harvesting flowers when there are 3 to 5 strong branches. Every year, pruning should be done 3 to 5 times, and the branch shape should be tidied up at any time, leaving 2 to 4 buds per branch. When pruning, leave 1 centimeter above the bud and cut diagonally downward on the other side of the branch. The cut surface should be smooth. There are two types of pruning: low pruning, leaving only two buds from the base of the branch, removing the upper part, this method produces long and thick branches with large flower buds and good quality. High pruning leaves more buds on the lower part, producing more new branches and more flowers, but the branches are short, flower buds small, and of lower quality. These two pruning methods are alternated in production to control plant height and maintain a longer growth cycle and higher production capacity. Grafted seedlings should be updated every 8 years or so. 2. Pinching. When the new shoots grow to 15 to 20 centimeters, remove the top 3 centimeters to promote the growth of lateral buds into lateral branches. Pinch again at a certain length until the main and lateral branches of the whole plant are sufficient to produce a large number of flowers. Pinching is done initially to adjust the plant shape and after flowering to control the flowering period. When the flower bud diameter reaches 10 to 13 millimeters, pinch off the top to the second leaf, which can promote flowering in about 7 days.
VIII. Pest and Disease Control. Ventilation reduces the incidence of disease, eliminate and destroy virus-infected branches, and high temperature for 4 weeks can eliminate or reduce the virus in the plant. Common diseases of roses are black spot, powdery mildew, rust, etc., which can be controlled with 80% mancozeb wettable powder or 50% benlate wettable powder at a concentration of 800 to 1200 times. To control pests such as aphids, thrips, leafrollers, and chafer beetles, use 50% dimethoate at a concentration of 1000 times.
IX. Flower Harvesting and Grading. Roses should be harvested when the temperature is low and humidity is high. Generally, harvesting starts about 10 months after planting, when the flower bud is slightly open (about 2 days before flowering). The cut branches should be at least 5 internodes or longer. After cutting, immediately place in water and bring back to the workshop for grading, tying 10 branches into a bundle. Grading standards: first grade, stem length 55 to 60 centimeters, flowers uniform; second grade, 45 to 54 centimeters; third grade, 35 to 44 centimeters; and below grade, below 35 centimeters. After packaging with glass paper, trim the stems evenly and insert them in water.
X. Preservation and Storage. Cut roses have a short preservation period and are not suitable for long-distance transportation. Treatment with 8-hydroxyquinoline sulfate and storage in a cold storage at 3°C to 4°C can preserve the flowers for 3 days. If the cut roses are not sold on the market and need to be stored for a long time, they can be placed in a sealed cold storage with 1% oxygen, 5% carbon dioxide, and a temperature of 0°C to 1°C, which can preserve the flowers for 20 to 30 days.
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