Advance or delay the blooming of flowers
You may not be familiar with the relevant experience of keeping flowers at home, advancing or delaying the blooming of flowers, the details are as follows:
People often change or create certain environmental conditions and adopt special cultivation measures based on the principle that flowers can only bloom when they reach a certain physiological state and encounter suitable external environmental conditions. This makes it possible for flowers to bloom earlier or later according to people's wishes.
The main technical measures for controlling the blooming period of flowers include controlling light, changing temperature, applying plant growth regulators, controlling water and fertilizer, changing sowing time, and pruning, as follows.
(1) Controlling light. Different types of flowers require different day lengths for bud differentiation. According to the requirements of bud differentiation for day length, they can be divided into short-day flowers (such as chrysanthemums, poinsettias, crape myrtles, andDisocactus), long-day flowers (such as violas, asters, and gladioli), and intermediate-day flowers (such as roses, hibiscus, and carnations). By artificially controlling light time and using measures such as shading and supplemental lighting, it is possible to make flowers requiring different light durations bloom in their non-blooming seasons.
For example, for short-day flowers, using shading treatment during long-day seasons to create a longer dark period can meet the light requirements for flower differentiation and bud formation, thus promoting earlier blooming. Generally, short-day flowers start shading treatment from the end of July, providing 9-10 hours of light daily for about 45-65 days, and they can bloom around the National Day.
Conversely, extending the light duration during short-day seasons can delay the blooming of short-day flowers and advance the blooming of long-day flowers. For example, by extending the light duration to over 14 hours for gladioli during winter cultivation and under suitable temperature conditions, they can bloom earlier.
Recent scientific research has shown that instead of using general supplemental lighting,照射 flowers with high-intensity fluorescent lights for about an hour and a half around midnight (with midnight being the most effective) can promote earlier blooming. This method is also applicable for delaying the blooming of short-day flowers. Short-day flowers only need to be exposed to low-intensity lighting for no more than half an hour at midnight to achieve the goal.
(2) Changing temperature. Most intermediate-day flowers are not sensitive to the length of day and can bloom earlier as long as their blooming temperature requirements are met.
In the northern regions, if you want to make flowers such as plum, peach,蜡梅, and forsythia bloom during the New Year or the Spring Festival, you can place the plants that were moved to a cold room in the late autumn into a room with a temperature of 18-24°C about 20-25 days before the expected blooming time, provide them with suitable water and fertilizer, and then move them to an environment of 8-15°C when the flower buds are swelling and showing color, and they will bloom on schedule. You can also use artificial cooling methods to inhibit bud formation and delay blooming. Flowers that are dormant in winter should be moved to a cold room (with a room temperature of 1-3°C) before the spring temperature rises while they are still in a dormant state. The room should have weak light, with 3-4 hours of exposure daily, and attention should be paid to proper misting and watering to keep the potting soil slightly moist. Generally, they can be stored until about 20 days before the desired blooming date and then taken out to bloom on schedule.
(3) Applying plant growth regulators. Plant growth regulators have both promoting and inhibiting effects on flowers. For example, when camellias are in bud differentiation in summer, applying 500PPM-1000PPM of gibberellin to the flower buds twice a week for about half a month can accelerate bud growth, and then applying it once a week with proper watering and fertilizing can make them bloom in October-November.
Suitable varieties for promoting blooming in camellias include Xiaotaohong and Dongfangliang. For many herbaceous flowers, spraying 100PPM-200PPM of naphthylacetic acid or indole butyric acid on the uncolored swollen buds can also have a significant effect on提前 blooming. For example, spraying 1000PPM of the plant growth retardant B9 on rhododendron buds 1-2 months before blooming can delay blooming by about 10 days.
(4) Changing cultivation methods. Using measures such as drought treatment,分期播种, and intensive pruning to control the blooming period can be very effective for some flowers. For example, using drought treatment can promote earlier blooming in magnolias, lilacs, and red beans.
Also, many herbaceous flowers, such as scarlet sage, coleus, asters, and cosmos, can bloom continuously over a longer season by using the分期播种 method. By using分期 cultivation methods and suitable lighting and temperature, gladioli can basically bloom throughout the four seasons.
For example, for flowers that bloom multiple times a year, such as roses, jasmine, and marigolds, pruning or pinching after blooming can promote multiple blooming or extend the blooming period.
The above sharing on advancing or delaying the blooming of flowers contains all the content for your comprehensive understanding and reference!