Grape Flower and Fruit Period Management Techniques for巨峰 Grapes
If you want to know the small plant cultivation experience of grape flower and fruit period management techniques for巨峰 grapes, let's take a look together.
Grape Flower and Fruit Period Management Techniques
巨峰 grapes are a variety of grapes. They have an attractive shape, good taste, and are suitable for storage and transportation.巨峰 grapes have been planted in various parts of China. They have thick flesh, are sweet, and juicy. In the cultivation process of巨峰 grapes, the management of the flower and fruit period is very critical, as it will directly affect the yield and quality of the grapes. So how to manage the flower and fruit period of巨峰 grapes? Let's take a look with the editor.
Thinning Flowers
7-10 days before flowering, the flower clusters should be thinned, removing weak, dense, and malformed clusters. The flower clusters should be reshaped, the sub-clusters and branches below them should be thinned, and 1/5-1/4 of the tip of the inflorescence should be cut off if the cluster is too long. Typically, one inflorescence is left on each fruiting branch, with more than 18 small clusters on the inflorescence. After thinning,喷施 can prevent and control diseases and pests, as well as provide top-dressing for the growth of the inflorescence.
Thinning Fruit
Fruit thinning should be based on the fruit setting situation. The purpose is to remove abnormal, small, and dense fruit. The number of fruit per cluster is generally controlled between 60-80. The first thinning is done one week after the flowers wither. First, remove the diseased ears and bad fruit ears; two weeks after flowering, when the fruit setting is stable, a second thinning is done for relatively poor fruit clusters, and some small branches can be removed from clusters with a high fruit setting rate.
Fixing Fruit Clusters
Fixing fruit clusters is key to obtaining high-quality fruits, controlling yield, and improving quality. If the yield is too high, fruit maturity will be delayed, color will be uneven, and quality will decrease. The standard cluster weight is 400-500g/ear, with 35,000-45,000 ears/hm2 being appropriate. Each fruiting branch has one fruit cluster, weak branches have no fruit clusters, and the base of the fruiting branch has a nutrient branch.
Fertilization Management
Since the number of grapevines is reduced after the control period, the amount of fertilizer per plant should be increased, and the fertilization time should be advanced. From late October to early November, the winter base fertilizer is changed to autumn application. Combined with deep cultivation, apply 15,000-25,000 kg of commercial organic fertilizer or 4,500 kg of bio-fertilizer per hectare, along with 750-1,125 kg of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 30-75 kg of zinc fertilizer, and 15-30 kg of boron fertilizer. By the end of May, apply 600 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per hectare to the young fruits after the flowers fall.
In late June, apply expansion fertilizer during the late hardening stage, with 300-450 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per hectare. After the new shoots have grown 6 leaves, combined with pest and disease control, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3% urea, boron, zinc, calcium, and other micro-fertilizers multiple times, which can significantly improve leaf quality and photosynthetic efficiency, promote bud differentiation, early fruit maturity, improve fruit quality, enrich fruit flavor, significantly increase SOD activity, and significantly improve disease resistance and the cold and drought resistance of fruit quality. When conditions permit, farmers can implement integrated fertilization and irrigation through a fertilization and irrigation system, improving fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Water Resource Management
Manage water resources in stages based on the water requirements of the grapevines. The first watering is done at the time of germination, with a one-time irrigation, around March 10th. The second watering is done one week before flowering, around April 5th. The third watering for fruit expansion occurs from early June to mid-July. The soil must be kept moist for an extended period. If water is insufficient, it can easily cause fruit cracking, affecting fruit yield and cluster shape. For grapeyards using an integrated water and fertilizer irrigation system, reasonable irrigation should be based on soil moisture and grape growth conditions.
Pest and Disease Control
巨峰 grapes are prone to pest and disease attacks during the flower and fruit period. Growers can take comprehensive green control measures, such as greenhouse cultivation, sugar and vinegar solution trapping, pheromone color plate trapping, setting up biological pest control nets, and installing insect-killing lights, to effectively reduce the occurrence of diseases such as downy mildew, black spot, and gray mold.
The above is the management technique for the flower and fruit period of 巨峰 grapes, do you know now?