How to Manage Grapes in the Later Growth Stage
Summary: This article provides knowledge on how to manage grapes in the later growth stage, with the following details:
How to Manage Grapes in the Later Growth Stage
Grapes are a fruit favored by many. When grapes come into season every year, the market is filled with various varieties. Today, we will mainly learn how to manage grapes in their later growth stage. Let's take a look together.
Remove flower buds and select tender buds
Usually 2-3 times. After 2-3 weeks of transplanting, the bud removal and selection work is carried out in three stages. The first time occurs in the early stage of leaf development. Useless buds on old vines, weak buds on fruiting branches, and secondary buds in other bud eyes are eliminated, leaving large and flat main buds. This continues for about 10 days.
The second time, when the new shoots grow to 10-20 centimeters, with 4-5 leaves unfolded, useless or unsuitable buds are removed, and strong, flowering new shoots are selected. At the second time, the branches should be tied up, so that there is a distance of about 20 centimeters between the new shoots.
The third time, after the grape fruits are stable, all branches that are too dense, growing too vigorously, or not ideal for fruit setting are completely removed, making the new shoots and new panicles on the trellis evenly distributed. This ensures the transmission of air and light in the vineyard and improves the yield and quality of grapes.
Flower and fruit management
Scientific flower and fruit management is particularly important in the grape growth process. Generally, when the new shoots have grown 5 new leaves and the nutrient branches have grown 10 new leaves, pinching is carried out. About 10 days before flowering, the inflorescences are pruned, removing the branches that sprout at the base of the ear and cutting off the ear tip. During the peak flowering period of grapes, the inflorescences should be removed, and the sequence of thinning flowers should follow the principle of 'no flowers on weak branches, one on medium branches, and two on strong branches'. It can also be adjusted according to the actual situation. Only one strong seedling is left, and some new shoots cannot be used as reserve seedlings. When thinning, attention should be paid to keeping the size of the inflorescence uniform.
After the flowers fall, it is necessary to promptly carry out ear formation and ear trimming. The largest, moderately sized, and similarly shaped ears are slightly trimmed into 'standard ears'. For large ears, the secondary ears and the ear tip are first cut, then the tips of the first and second branches are pinched; for extra-large ears, in addition to cutting the secondary ears and pinching the ear tips, the first or the first and second branches can be cut off. Straighten the ears to make them hang naturally, avoiding being squeezed by vines and wires. At the same time, hold the ears and gently shake them to shake off the unpollinated fruits. The afternoon is the best time to follow the ears and shake them.
Fruit thinning is an indispensable measure to ensure that the grape fruits grow fully, are neatly and tightly packed, and improve quality. Remove the fertilization-poor, malformed, development-affecting ears, overly dense fruit, and leave the fruiting shape, evenly sized, fresh green in color, and normally growing fruits, with 80-100 grapes left per ear.
Chemical treatment
In order to promote the accumulation of sugar and coloring in the fruits, 10-15 days before the grapes start to color, spray 100-200mg/kg S-inducing antibiotic solution, which can not only significantly improve the fruit coloring and sugar content but also advance maturity by 10-15 days. 10-15 days after the grapes mature, spraying 60-100mg/kg of fresh pigment or 60-100mg/kg NAA 100mg/kg of gibberellin can prevent fruit and grain loss, keep the stems fresh, and improve storage capacity.
Bagging and laying films
Bagging is generally done about 20 days after flowering. Before bagging, after the ears are formed, fungicides and insecticides should be sprayed once, and the bags should be placed after the medicine dries. Bagging should choose high-quality fruit bags produced and inspected by正规 manufacturers in the local area. Bagging can reduce sun exposure and bird damage, prevent dust pollution and diseases. In the fruit maturity period, old leaves can be removed, and reflective films can be laid. The removal amount should be 25% of the direct overhead light. Reflective films can increase the amount of scattered light under the shelves, making the ear color evenly bright.
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