How to Care for Grapes After Harvest
An introduction to the related knowledge of green plants and flowers on how to care for grapes after harvest. The following is the introduction by the editor.
How to Care for Grapes After Harvest
Currently, grapes in the south are successively entering the harvest season. Many farmers think that there is no need to manage grapes after harvest, but that is not the case. After harvest, the leaves continue to assimilate, and nutrients begin to accumulate in the aerial parts and roots. During this management period, it is particularly important. So, how to manage grapes after harvest?
Autumn Fertilization
The first is in spring, and the second is from September to November after the grape harvest. At this time, there is no need to supplement new shoots with fertilizer, which is beneficial for the absorption and storage of nutrients by the roots, and the wounds of the injured roots heal easily.
In addition, mature grapes have the habit of flower bud differentiation while picking fruits. Fertilization after fruit picking can lay the foundation for flower bud differentiation and improve the fruit setting rate the following year. For young trees, dig a strip fertilizer trench 20-30 cm deep outside the trunk 30-50 cm. For mature grapevines, dig a trench 40-50 cm from the main stem according to the situation, taking care to avoid the main root when digging. Generally, 2000-4000 kg of decomposed sheep manure is used per mu. To prevent premature fruit drop, spray 0.3% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3-4 times every 7-10 days after harvest.
Anti-drought and Leaf Protection
After harvest, if the weather is dry and rainless for a long time, the leaves will wither and fall prematurely, which is not conducive to the accumulation of nutrients. In case of autumn drought, attention should be paid to drought resistance and irrigation.
Scientific Bud Protection
There are winter buds and summer buds between the upper axillary buds of the same node. Summer buds can germinate and form secondary buds in the same year. Some varieties of secondary branches can re-form flower buds in the same year, producing secondary or multiple fruiting, but most belong to vegetative branches, which consume nutrients and affect light. If winter buds are not strongly stimulated, they cannot germinate and grow fully in the same year. They are important organs of the fruiting branches the following year.
Grape buds are gradually formed with the growth of new shoots. Protecting and promoting the development of winter buds is the basis for high-yield grape production and must be preserved. The measures are to pick new shoots in time, remove secondary buds, and promote plump winter buds; reasonable pruning, appropriate bud retention; prevent and control diseases and pests, and minimize mechanical damage during management.
Disease and Pest Control
The focus is on the control of downy mildew, powdery mildew, black spot, and rust diseases. Downy mildew mainly occurs from early August to mid-October. After the leaves are damaged, small translucent spots with unclear borders appear at the beginning, and then they connect to form large lesions, mostly yellow to brown polygons. When the weather is humid or the humidity is too high, a white frosty mildew layer will appear on the back of the lesions, often causing the leaves to wither and fall prematurely.
Therefore, the first spray after fruit picking, and then spray 2-3 times every 10 to 15 days. The fungicides used are: 40% dimethomorph 1500 times, 40% phosphorus aluminum wettable powder 300 times, 60% mancozeb powder 500 times, 66.8% metalaxyl 600 times, 77% copper hydroxide 500-800 times, which also have a certain control effect on other grape diseases. At the same time, apply 2.5% brom**insecticide to control pests such as golden turtle beetles, grape moths, and leafhoppers. Before spraying, clean the entire garden, cut off the diseased leaves and clusters left on the branches, and reduce the disease base for the following year.
Garden Pruning
Continue to do a good job of pinching, removing tendrils, removing weak branches, and removing severely diseased leaves on the basis of summer pruning to reduce nutrient consumption, regulate the flow of nutrients in the tree, and promote the plump maturity of buds.
Winter pruning should start after the dormant period and the pruning time should be two weeks after defoliation to early spring. To reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests the following year, the cleaning of grape garden residues, diseased fruits, and the disinfection of the grape garden should be combined.
The above is the focus of grape management after harvest. About 30 days before the grape harvest, there is no need for drug treatment. Pruning, fertilizing, and water control are guarantees of grape quality. From harvest to defoliation, there is a growth period of about three months. At this time, it is possible to restore the vitality of the tree, accumulate nutrients, strengthen the branches, differentiate flower buds, and lay the foundation for the high yield of grapes the following year.
The above is the full content of how to care for grapes after harvest, hoping to help you. At the same time, I hope everyone comes to see more green plant and flower experience and common sense!