What are the reasons for the early decline of grapes?
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What are the reasons for the early decline of grapes?
Grapes are one of the most popular berries in the market. In recent years, the market demand has been increasing, and many farmers have been involved. However, grapes often experience early decline during cultivation. So what are the reasons for the early decline of grapes? How to prevent it? Let's find out.
Reasons for the early decline of grapes
1. Improper pruning
If the main vine is pruned for too long, the phenomenon of pursuit is serious, and the cultivation and renewal of the fruiting branches are not valued, the remaining branches are too long, and the ventilation is poor. Once the pruning time is long, the resulting branch group behind will die. When the main vine exceeds the trellis, there are no reserve branches behind, and it cannot be shrinked back, resulting in early decline.
2. Overloading fruiting
The results show that too many branches are left, the ventilation is poor, and the attention is not paid to leaving the panicles and fruits, leading to an imbalance in nutrition between the aboveground and underground parts. Especially in the rainy season, it is easy to accumulate water, causing insufficient oxygen supply in the soil, resulting in degumming roots and dead roots. The fruit quality decreases, the leaves fall off early, the withered branches are serious, sometimes the leaves turn yellow, and it cannot be changed within 3 years, or even die.
3. Improper fertilization and watering
Improper management of fertilization and watering is also one of the reasons for early decline; emphasizing top dressing and neglecting basic fertilization. Overuse of nitrogen fertilizer during the growing period, while neglecting the combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, only pursuing fast-acting fertilizers, and ignoring the role of organic basic fertilizers, leading to a decline in fruit quality, and at the same time causing an increase in the weight of the branches, consuming a large amount of nutrients, and inhibiting the germination of the basal buds. In addition, excessive watering can lead to excessive plant growth, closure of branches and leaves, occurrence of diseases and pests, and加重 the decline of the tree, forming early decline.
4. Poor pest control
The spread of diseases such as black spot and (T-J) disease causes serious rot of fruits, leading to a significant decline in quality and yield. Moreover, when pests are severe, it can lead to insufficient storage nutrition, low germination rate, few effective branches, weak tree vigor, and a significant decline in yield.
Prevention methods
1. Reasonable pruning
In general, the elongated branches of the main vine should not be pruned too long, and the length should not exceed 50-60 centimeters to maintain the growth advantage of the lower branches and improve photosynthetic efficiency. In addition, attention should be paid to the cultivation and renewal of the fruiting branch group. Generally, the main vine is renewed every 3-4 years to avoid exposing the lower leg.
2. Reasonable branch and fruit retention
Strong branches are left with 2 panicles, weak branches or renewal branches are left with 1 panicle or no panicle. The amount of branches retained is closely related to yield, quality, and growth势. Too many branches, excessive plant load, poor ventilation, and easy to cause flower and fruit drop, low quality, so reasonable branch and fruit retention can achieve high yield and quality, eliminate the phenomenon of large and small years.
3. Strengthen management
When fertilizing, increase the application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer, improve the drainage system, facilitate drainage, reduce waterlogging, and enhance tree vitality.
4. Strengthen pest control
In the late March of early spring, the entire garden can be sprayed with lime sulfur mixture, which can play a good role in preventing and controlling pests and diseases. During the growing period, Bordeaux mixture, carbendazim, and thiophanate-methyl can be alternately sprayed to effectively prevent and control grape cutting, white rot, downy mildew, etc.; at the same time, scraping old bark, cutting diseased seedlings, cleaning diseased leaves and fruits, and concentrated incineration can reduce the source of diseases and pests.
The above are the reasons and control methods for the early decline of grapes, hoping to be helpful to you.
The full content about the reasons for the early decline of grapes mentioned above, hoping to be helpful to green plant enthusiasts!