Techniques for managing red grape flowers and fruits in the southern region
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Techniques for managing red grape flowers and fruits in the southern region
Red grapes, also known as red wine grapes, are native to California, USA, and were cultivated by researchers at the University of California, Davis in the 1970s. This variety has excellent fruit quality, is late-ripening, storages and transports well, and has high yields. It is the preferred choice for developing high-quality and efficient grape varieties. Today, let's talk about the selection of seedlings, flower and fruit management, and key points of fertilizer and water management for red globe grapes in the south.
Seedling selection
Choose healthy, disease-free, complete-rooted, and plump seedlings with more than three buds. It is forbidden to use "small old seedlings" and overwintered seedlings.
Shaping and pruning
1. In the first year of planting, when the new shoots grow to 25 cm, two good branches should be retained, and the other should be cut off. When the new shoots grow to 40 cm, use a temporary stick to tie them up, leave 1-2 leaves on the lateral shoots, and repeat the topping. In autumn, the elongated branches should be pinched off, and in winter, prune according to the maturity, 1-1.5 meters.
2. For 2-year-old plants, when the young branches grow to 10 cm in summer, dense and poor-quality tender branches should be cut off. When the new shoots grow to 25 cm, fix the branches, leaving 5-6 new shoots per meter of the main vine. In winter pruning, prune according to the single dragon method, leaving 4 fruiting branches per meter extension, and the extension branches should be left 1.5-2 meters.
3. For 3-year-old plants, when summer cutting, new shoots 25 cm long should be fixed, with 5-6 new shoots and 2 nutritional branches per meter of the main vine. In winter pruning, retain 3-4 fruiting clusters/m on the main vine.
4. After the fruiting and nutritional branches are removed, remove the growing points, cut off the winter and summer buds at the axils of the lateral branches.
Flower and fruit management
1. The inflorescence should be removed in advance, leaving 2-3 clusters on the extension vines, and single clusters on other fruiting branches, while removing the shoulder and tip of the clusters.
2. Spray 0.30% borax and 0.30% urea before flowering.
3. Remove malformed small fruits, malformed fruits, and dense fruits.
4. Three weeks after flowering, soak or spray the grape clusters with a grape enlargement agent and methyl thiophanate (or soil cultivation special). Then, bag the clusters in time, remove the bags 20 days before harvesting, rotate the fruit clusters to achieve uniform color.
Fertilizer and water management
1. After harvesting, apply 3000 kg of organic fertilizer and 50 kg of superphosphate per mu.
2. Before taking down the grape vines, water with winter water.
3. Before germination in the second year, apply 20 kg of urea per mu, and water with irrigation.
4. Irrigate 1-2 times before flowering of the inflorescence.
5. During the fruit expansion stage, apply 20 kg of diammonium per mu to promote flowering, and water immediately after fertilizing.
6. Apply 25 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the hard core stage, and water immediately after topdressing.
7. From August to the harvest period, spray 0.30% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves 3-4 times to promote fruit and above-ground maturity.
Disease and pest control
1. Before taking down the grape vines, spray 3-5 times with Be and 0.5% sodium pentachlorophenate to disinfect the entire garden.
2. Prevent and control measures for downy mildew and powdery mildew should be taken from June to August each year.
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