How do southern vines spend the winter?
In the winter of Jiangnan water town, after the grape vines have shed their green clothes, how to let these delicate vines survive the cold winter safely has become the most concerned issue for every gardener. Although the south does not have the harsh cold winds of the north, the humid and cold climate and the threat of frost also test the viability of the vines. Mastering scientific winter maintenance techniques can not only protect plants from freezing damage, but also lay the foundation for a high yield in the coming year. Three key steps for precise pruning of grapevines during the winter: The second week after building a cold-resistant skeleton is the best pruning period. At this time, the flow of tree sap slows down and the wound heals quickly. The principle of "three cuts and three stays" is adopted when pruning: cut off pest and insect branches (diameter less than 0.8cm), thin and weak branches (spacing between nodes more than 15cm) and crossing branches, and retain strong bearing parent branches with a spacing of 30- 40cm on the main vine. Keep 6-8 high-quality bud eyes for each branch, and use sharp pruning shears to trim them at a 45° angle, and the incision is 2-3cm away from the bud eyes. Immediately after completion, apply stone sulfur mixture to the wound, and clean up residual branches within a radius of 1 meter. Scientific watering: Irrigation with frozen water 10 days before creating an anti-freezing water shield and burying the soil, and the water consumption per mu is controlled at 30-40 cubic meters. The annular ditch irrigation method is used to excavate a 30-cm deep annular ditch 50cm away from the main trunk, and slowly penetrate in three times. Stop when the soil water content reaches 85% of the field water holding capacity. At this time, a stable ice crystal protective layer can be formed at 30cm of the soil layer. It is important to note that sandy soil requires a 20% increase in water volume, while viscous soil should be irrigated 5 days in advance. Layered soil burial: The first soil burial to build a temperature fortress is carried out 5-7 days after watering. The "three-layer protection method" is used: first the branches and vines are bundled with straw ropes into bundles with a diameter of 15cm, and bent north to 20cm above the ground., covered with 5 cm of fine sand; the second layer is piled with soil in the farming layer to a thickness of 10cm; finally, 3cm of decomposed straw is spread. For the second time, when the temperature stabilized below 5 ° C, a trapezoidal soil ridge with a bottom width of 80cm and a top width of 40cm was built with soil piles between rows. The total thickness in the Jiangnan area was 25-30cm, and that in the northern Fujian area needed to reach 35cm. The soil collection point should be more than 1.2 meters away from the main stem to protect the surface absorbing roots.
Through the precise implementation of the three core measures and weekly moisture monitoring in winter, even in extreme weather of minus 5 ° C, the vine root system can remain above 0 ° C in the 10cm soil layer. When the soil is gradually removed during the vernal equinox, you will find that the plumularity of the bud eyes has increased by 20%, reserving sufficient nutrients for the growth of new shoots. Remember that the quality of winter maintenance directly determines the number and quality of ears in the coming year. Only by careful care can you harvest the whole garden.