What to do with potted grapes in winter
As the temperature gradually drops, the winter maintenance of potted grapes has become the focus of attention of growers. As a perennial vine, the management of grape potted plants during their dormant period is directly related to the flowering and fruit in the coming year. This paper will analyze in detail the key technical points for potted grapes to overwinter from three dimensions: environmental regulation, water and fertilizer management, and pruning and shaping. Precise temperature control of key points in environmental control Potted grapes should be moved into a low temperature environment of around 5 ° C in winter, and the range of 0-5 ° C is ideal. In the northern region, you can choose unheated storage or closed balconies, while in the southern region, it is recommended to place them under leeward eaves. Special attention should be paid to avoid excessive temperature differences between day and night. When the environmental temperature continues to be higher than 8℃, the bud eyes will germinate ahead of schedule and consume nutrients. During the scientific management of light during the dormant period, light still needs to be scattered for 4-6 hours a day and can be placed next to the east-facing or south-facing window. Use white reflectors to enhance light utilization, and regularly rotate the flowerpot to ensure uniform light reception. Insufficient light will lead to long branches and affect the quality of flower bud differentiation. Dynamic humidity adjustment maintains the air humidity of 40-50%, and the basin soil humidity of about 30%. It can be adjusted by laying wet gravel on trays, regularly spraying, etc. When the room temperature is lower than 0℃, spraying needs to be stopped to prevent freezing damage. The water and fertilizer management plan adopts the "soil-looking water supply method" to accurately control the water cycle. After 3 cm of the basin soil surface is completely dry, water is poured thoroughly. The heating environment in the north is 7-10 days per time, and the non-heating environment in the south is 15-20 days per time. The watering time should be at noon, and the water temperature should be consistent with the ambient temperature. Scientific application of base fertilizer combined with changing pots to apply decomposed sheep manure (500g/pot) or soybean cake fertilizer (300g/pot), and buried it deeply in a ring 15cm away from the root system. Add 5% bone meal to promote root development, and use EM inoculant to improve fertilizer efficiency. Avoid using undecomposed fertilizers to avoid the risk of root burning. Plant morphology optimization pruning technical specifications retain 4-6 main vines and 3-5 bud eyes as short as possible. The "three-cutting method" is adopted: one is to cut pests and diseases, the second is to cut crossed branches, and the third is to cut thin and weak branches. Apply healing agent promptly after trimming, and seal large wounds with wax. Keep the spacing between branches more than 15cm to ensure ventilation and light transmission. Traction modeling techniques utilize the soft characteristics of winter branches to shape, using spiral or fan binding. The main vine maintains an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane and is fixed with plastic-coated aluminum wire. Spray 0.3% ferrous sulfate after modeling to enhance lignification.
Through systematic overwintering management, potted grapes can not only survive the cold winter safely, but also accumulate sufficient nutrients. It is recommended to check the plant status once a month and adjust the maintenance plan in a timely manner. Combined with the application of germinating fertilizer before germination in spring, it can lay a solid foundation for the harvest season.