What is a dragon fruit tree like?
Among many tropical fruits, dragon fruit attracts countless attention with its unique shape and bright color. What kind of growth code does this strange plant that seems to come from alien creatures hide? Let us take a close look at this tropical treasure known as the "Pearl of the Cactus Family" through a combination of pictures and texts. 1. Analysis of morphological characteristics Root system and stem structure The dragon fruit tree adopts a shallow root structure and does not have a main root system in the traditional sense. Its lateral roots are distributed radially in the topsoil layer, and this root structure allows it to quickly absorb surface water. The maximum length of the stem can reach 7 meters, and the surface of the dark green fleshy stem is covered with a waxy layer, which effectively reduces water evaporation. The short thorns growing in the depression of the stem nodes actually evolved from degenerate leaves. Evolution of the shape of flowers and fruits. The milky white flowers bloom at night can reach 30 centimeters long, which are shaped like epiphyllum but are more magnificent. The tubular structure of the calyx presents a gradual change in color, transitioning from lavender at the base to green at the top. Successful pollinated flowers will develop into ovoid fruits of 10-12 centimeters. The leathery peel will show the iconic scale-like protrusions, and the flesh color will show a snow-white or rose red hue depending on variety differences. 2. Ecological adaptability analysis Light and temperature requirements As a typical tropical plant, dragon fruit shows amazing environmental adaptability. The optimal growth temperature range is 25-35℃, which can withstand a 40℃ high temperature environment in a short period of time. Although it is resistant to shade, 6 hours of daily light can significantly increase the flowering and fruit setting rate. Cold protection measures need to be taken when it is below 5℃ in winter. Soil and water and fertilizer management prefer sandy loam soil with good drainage, with a pH value of 5.5-7.0 being the most ideal. The water storage capacity of fleshy stems makes them strong drought resistance, but the soil needs to be kept moist during the flowering and fruit period. It is recommended to adopt a fertilization plan of organic fertilizer combined with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which can effectively improve the sweetness of fruits. 3. Variety identification and maintenance Common varieties can be divided into three categories: red-skinned white meat, red-skinned red meat and yellow-skinned white meat. Among them, red meat varieties have the highest anthocyanin content, and yellow skin varieties have better sweetness. For daily maintenance, attention should be paid to the construction of brackets to prevent fleshy stems from breaking due to their own weight. Regular pruning of excessively dense branches can improve ventilation and light transmission conditions and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
Through systematic observation, it can be found that dragon fruit trees exert the survival wisdom of cactus plants to the extreme. From the shallow root system to the water-storing structure of fleshy stems, from night blooming to gorgeous fruits, every feature demonstrates a perfect adaptation to the tropical environment. This special crop, which has both ornamental value and economic value, is gradually becoming the new favorite of garden planting.