Succulent Plant Instructions "One Post" Walking the World "Episode 2
To answer the introduction of succulent plants for netizens, please see the detailed introduction below in the second episode of the succulent plant manual "One Post Go to the World".
Pure text paste! From the Picture Party and Appearance Association, you can turn off your browser. If you are a friend who loves succulent plants, wants to keep them, and persevere, please look carefully, there will be surprises inside. Welfare is for those friends who carefully read every word...
I have been busy with work recently and the weather is hot. I can't be bothered to write. It was two days away from the release of the first episode and exactly one month. Blame yourself for being lazy. I have nothing to do today, so I will continue to write. It is still the same rule. Wherever I think, wherever I write, my thoughts will jump. And all personal opinions are for reference only: The first episode talks about the early preparation of succulent plants and the selection of some containers. I also talked a little about pests and diseases, and let's talk about reproduction in the second episode.
I just sorted out my thoughts, so today I will only talk about sexual reproduction. In subsequent posts, we will mention asexual reproduction and plant conservation and management.
Sexual reproduction is a method that uses male and female pollinates to form seeds to reproduce offspring. It is also a normal reproduction method for humans. Sexual reproduction originated from Baidu Encyclopedia, namely sowing reproduction, is not only a reproduction method to obtain a large number of plants, but also an important means of introduction. Many good mutations are discovered during sexual reproduction, and then asexual reproduction fixes their characteristics. Fixed.
1. Old posts on pollination and seed picking have been written. In order to save everyone time looking for posts, they have been directly sorted out.
Pollination is a necessary process for angiosperms to form fruits. Flowers usually have some yellow powder, called pollen. This pollen needs to be passed on to certain flowers of the same species. The movement of pollen from anther to stigma is called pollination. Why are the vast number of immortal friends keen on pollinating and sowing seeds themselves? Because the seeds they harvest are fresh, the emergence of seedlings is guaranteed, and you can also get some unexpected harvests from time to time, such as the variation of brocade. Pollinating and seed setting also reflects the immortal friends. The cultivation level and knowledge level have reached a certain level.
Pollination, artificial cross-pollination. It is best to plant at least two plants of the same species, the more the better, because the flowering period will not be very consistent, the flowering period is really inconsistent. When the stamen pollen shows signs of premature failure, you can put the pollen in sulfuric acid paper. Wrap it well in the refrigerator and store it at about 5 degrees Celsius. The hope of the parents to bear more seeds is greater. Individual varieties of cross-flowers of the same plant can also be fertilized, but few seeds will bear.
Pollination time: Generally speaking, when the stigma splits and completely splits, and mucus counter-light appears on the stigma, pollination is most suitable. Pollination is divided into two days, once on the first day and once on the second day, increasing the chance of success.
Pollination method: Dip pollen with a pollinator pen or cotton swab and apply it to the stigma. You can also use tweezers to pick up the pollen piece and place it on the stigma. The two flowers can also be shaken together. Pollinator is best on sunny days. If family pollination encounters dry weather, the stigma is dry. When the weather is dry, you can use diluted honey water to coat the stigma before pollinating. Especially for the pollination of the lower 12 th, it is recommended to cut off the lower half of the tubular flower so that the male and female stamens inside can see more light before pollination can be successful. If you didn't do this, you would have seeds normally. I didn't say anything. Don't follow the post.
Post-pollination management: Keep records to avoid drastic changes in the environment. When you see the ovary gradually expanding, it means that pollination has been successful, and management has been strengthened to prevent damage from diseases and insect pests.
In particular, there is a phenomenon of "pseudo-fertilization" nowadays. After pollination, the ovary also expands, and the seed pod changes color into fruit, but there are no seeds in it. I think that most of this situation occurs in multiple generations of asexual reproduction where leaves emerge and leaves are inserted, and the seedlings are inserted again. There is no seedling generation, which leads to the degradation of the plant itself and the weakening of various characteristics. I am also exploring to increase plant nutrition and strengthen the root system, and will test seeds in the coming year.
Seed picking: Because the maturity periods of various types of succulent plants vary greatly, it is impossible to explain the specific maturity time. Under normal circumstances, the color of the fruits will become very bright when they mature, such as Yinguanyu. There are also some varieties that are bright when they are just set into the fruits. However, when they mature, the peel becomes thinner and quickly fades {such as stratus and blue clouds}. The pods of the genus Planet and Luanfengyu are prone to cracking. Most succulent plants are berries. Wash the pulp after ripening, and store the seeds in a clean bag after drying. This step is very important. Tannins in the pulp may have the opportunity to adhere to the coat of the seeds and affect the germination of the seeds.
2. Sowing period and sowing method (1) Sowing period: Generally from April to October, it is generally divided into two sowing stages. The species that are dormant in summer are sown from September to October, and the species that are dormant in winter are sown from April to May. The time basis for the sowing period is preferably the large temperature difference between day and night, which is beneficial to germination and will grow quickly after emergence.
(2) Sowing method: soaking method and (Z-B) method A: soaking method. It is mainly used on seeds that are difficult to sprout, and is generally used on varieties with larger seed size, otherwise it will not be found. The specific method is to swim with gauze or paper that absorbs water, place the seeds on it, avoid blisters on the seeds, and then add a seal and place them in a warm place to block the light. When you see the white cotyledons coming out, you can use tweezers. People who have planted gourds must know this method.
B: (Z-B) method. Needless to say, there are two types. The shaking method is suitable for small seeds. The white paper is folded in half with the seeds in it. Slowly inject it into the sowing soil, and place regular grains on the soil surface with the on-demand method. Which one will vary from person to person, depending on the workload and the combined seed particle size.
(3) Preparation before sowing: A: Selection of containers. Talking about containers again... Personally, I recommend a disposable lunch box. This is really an artifact. It saves space, is low in cost, and is easy to control seedlings. Use the front and bottom to punch holes, and a seedling box can also be used. Large and high-yield players can use Alice's S5, and there is also the oil pot in the essence post. Let's choose it yourself.
B: Allocation of soil: I want to make this simple, and then communicate with the post if there is any problem. Hard-working people who want to transplant immediately after sprouting or recommend sowing with vermiculite if they want to get seeds to maintain water, temperature and sterility. The most ideal sowing material. Friends who have carried out multiple transplants without manpower, or who are worried about losses caused by transplantation can choose peat + small particles mixed soil for sowing. The mixed soil can be: 60% peat +35% particles +5% rice hull carbon, and the particles are recommended to be 1-3 mm. Regarding disinfection issues and methods, we will introduce them below. Friends who look carefully will find them. 3. Post-sowing management Due to different types and different freshness of seeds, the time required for germination varies greatly, so we can only give a rough estimate of germination time. 5-15 Days, some varieties, such as fresh taxi boy seeds, will sprout as soon as possible in one day, fresh bag seeds will sprout in three days, and seeds with a long post-maturity period, such as pine needles and peonies. After the seeds are unearthed, remove the water droplets from the cover or glass every day and then cover them. If you find white fluff at the bottom of the seedlings, don't worry. It is the root hair of the plant. It will be fine if it is not stuck in the soil. The root system will find the soil itself., no human interference is needed. Here, if you only have a few seeds in the entire pot, and most of them have not come out, and the time has not been long, transplant the seeds out, place the original pot in a cool place to dry, and then soak them in the pot after a week or two. Nurturing it in the pot, so that you can produce a part again if you repeat it once or twice.
(1) Seedling management: It is not difficult to sprout seeds, but it is difficult to manage seedlings at seedling stages. Many meat lovers also die in large areas. Specific environmental factors that need to be mastered include temperature, humidity, light, pest and disease control and timely Transplant.
A: Temperature: The seedlings do not sleep during the first year and are sensitive to temperature, especially low temperatures. Therefore, the seedlings need to pay special attention to the winter. Friends who have the conditions use a warming seedling box, which is sold on X-Bao, and temperature controllers. The easy way is to foam boxes. It is recommended to add some filler soil, sand or old soil to the bottom of the box. When seedlings spend summer, they should reduce their stuffy cultivation time and place them in an outdoor pergola or an indoor air-conditioned room. They should have astigmatism and avoid direct sunlight. Because the seedlings have tender skin and can easily be burned when the temperature is too high, so they must be kept at less than 35 degrees.
B: Humidity: The seedlings require greater humidity and are not tolerant to drought. It should be kept in a moist state for a long time. The surface of the basin soil should not crack and turn white. Generally, palm plants can be kept for a year. The only thing that needs attention to is sterilization. Microbicides will be mentioned later, so read carefully by the officials.
C: Illumination: This is quite cumbersome to say. It can be described in four words-step by step. It should be gentle at first. After the seeds are all out, you can cover the lunch box lid or the glass plate with 2 layers of white paper. Then as the seedlings gradually grow, the barrier will be gradually reduced. The 2 layers will become 1 layer, and the 1 layer will become sulfuric acid paper for drying pictures. Use until you don't use it, you can master this slowly. If you get sun-dried, the skin will become red and the growth will stagnate. If you don't sun-dried, the seedlings will be slender and the thorns will be sparse.
D: Pest and insect pest control: Generally common pests on seedlings are nematodes and some leaf-eating pests, such as rat slugs. These are all moisture-prone. The disease is generally white silk disease, which is when white hairs are found on seedlings. Spray fungicides regularly, and ventilation can completely prevent them. No longer mentions pesticides here. After thinking about it, I feel that there is no need to buy all kinds of pesticides to grow flowers in the family. It is a danger to the environment and family members. As long as the sterilization is done well in advance, it can be completely prevented.
E: Transplant at the right time: The spring and autumn emergencies are ideal. The old method is to sterilize the soil and remember to prune the roots. Water the seedlings after being moved, and water the bigger ones the next day. I think the timing of transplantation is that the seedlings are pressed together and then moved. It is useless if it is too early. If it is too late, it will lose shape if it is squeezed for a long time.
(2) Fertilizer and water management: Seeds do not need nutrients in the early stages of germination, because the cotyledons and endosperm themselves have nutrients, and the seedlings are not dependent on the nutrients absorbed by the roots. However, as the seedlings grow, the requirements for nutrients gradually increase. In addition to providing part of the sowing soil, we also need to provide artificial nutrient supplements at a certain stage. It is recommended here to use more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and calcium superphosphate, during the later topdressing process. Succulent plants do not require high nitrogen. In order to keep the plant type compact, we also apply as little nitrogen fertilizer as possible. In summer, we can contact rainwater, especially rainwater during thunderstorms, where the nitrogen content is high and natural fertile water. In addition to the above two inorganic fertilizers, there are also popular products such as Ao Lu, Le Meike, Bi Wang, and Duo Hua. Here is a benefit. The reward from friends who read the posts carefully. The most ideal topdressing for 12 volumes is Huaduo No. 11. Don't ask why. Trust me. Because I come from a garden background, I still prefer organic fertilizers. Maybe most families do not have the conditions to apply organic fertilizers because it stinks too. However, it is of great benefit to plants and soil, so I can't go into details here. If you want to know how to make organic fertilizer and other related issues, you can communicate with the post.
1 About hoarding seeds/seed storage: Pay attention to the general direction when storing seeds, do not get damp or expose them to the sun, and just keep them in a ventilated and cool place. Sedum stone palm seeds are generally bought with a ziplock bag or centrifugal tube and put them in a drawer. If they are bulbous seeds, such as oxal seeds, they can be put in an iron tea box. Don't be too cold. Because they are sown in autumn, they will easily wake up and sprout if they are too cold, consuming nutrients. Just pay attention to this. After saying so much, I will add if there are any questions.
2 About disinfection: Disinfection of sowing soil is the key. Granular soil is not needed, mainly peat. It is recommended to buy Kou peat. There are too many domestic impurities to call it peat. At most, it is peat and comes from the northeast. 6 Quick money has a woven bag. There are several disinfection methods. Exposure method: exposure to the sun for a week. Stir fry soil, put it in a pan and stir-fry. Microwave method, place slightly wet soil in a disposable lunch box, microwave for 30 seconds, three minutes is too long. It's all burnt. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant. To describe it, after potassium permanganate water is immersed in the soil, all the bacteria in the soil are "formatted". All harmful and beneficial bacteria have been eliminated, and at this time we need to replenish beneficial bacteria. Recommend EM bacteria, the steps are: microwave oven → potassium permanganate immersion basin → spraying EM bacteria water. Potassium permanganate water is used as you are prepared. Expiration in 2 hours.
3 Regarding the sowing temperature: It is better to sow stone and sedum in autumn. The temperature is 15-25, and the range is relatively large. Anyway, it is a large range here. Some of the sorrel is also sown in autumn. I don't know much about this, so I won't say much. Palm species like high temperatures, so it's just right to sow now. Don't cover the palm species with soil, such as Douhe Fish. These seeds must germinate in light, and if the soil is covered without light, they will not sprout. There is also a phenomenon called the post-ripening period of seeds, such as pine needles and peony, which I remember is seven years... Fresh seeds cannot be sown. Don't be surprised..
4 About plant materials: In terms of materials, peat and granular vermiculite are good. In fact, many people sow seeds with pure vermiculite and then move the seedlings. vermiculite is the best substrate for germination. Heat preservation, water retention, and sterility. Everyone knows that without bacteria, even blisters will not rot. Just add 1-3 small particles after transplantation. Another method is to use rice hull charcoal to sprinkle seedlings easily to support seedlings. Moreover, rice hull charcoal inhibits bacteria and suppresses green moss.
5 About illumination: It must be astigmatism, step by step. Boredom is the key point. At first, the light was fine. The sun was magical and could press back. Multi-layered base media transmits light.
7 About ventilation: After I left it out, I now go to the unit for ventilation for half an hour every morning. Then it takes a long time to get bored, a few months to a year. Many players keep a ball, and they keep a ball for a year. Ventilation is also gradual, and the time per day will be extended a little. Anyway, if you keep it dry, the water will grow faster, and if you keep it dry, you must pay attention to sterilization.
8 About transplanting seedlings: : My philosophy is that there is really no room to move them. Even when they are all crowded together, I feel that the seedlings grow very fast and the water absorbs quickly when they are in a group state. Excessive water accumulation will not occur. This feeling comes from Yang Guolan. Orchids prefer groups rather than single ones.
9 Regarding seedling care: Like people, when they were young, they had weak resistance and low resistance to disease and insect pests. I feel that the main problem is light and watering control. Many seedlings that are sown are not difficult to sprout. Generally, large-scale deaths occur after watering and drying. Collectively transform water, such as a slough of a stone. Spray more, pour less.
10 Regarding insect repelling and fertilization of seedlings: Pest and insect pest control runs through the entire breeding process, and no matter whether seedlings or adult plants, no matter whether they are seedlings or adult plants, they must not be sloppy. Microwave or exposure in the early stage of sowing is to eliminate eggs in the soil, and can be treated according to the situation in the later stage. If conditions permit, you can bury carbofuran in the soil. By the way, the height of carbofuran is highly toxic to humans, livestock and birds, so it must be buried in the soil. Don't let pets and children at home touch them. Handle it properly. Whether you need to identify yourself. Furadan is systemic and conductive. Specific effects can be checked by yourself. In terms of sterilization, you can use it alternately, not one. Use carbendazim, chlorothalonil, and zineb alternately. To explain, it is meaningless to use thiophan-methyl and carbendazim alternately, because methylamine is systemic and absorbed into plants is transformed into carbendazim. There is another thing that needs to be explained. I have seen some friends say that plants can easily produce sunburn after spraying zineb. Maybe it makes sense. Anyway, my Sea King got burnt out after spraying Zineb. Better be careful. This is all valuable experience. Finally, there is EM bacteria, which is explained in quite detail. Good things are worth promoting.
This article shares the small experience of green plants and flowers in the second episode of the succulent plant manual "One Post Walking the World", hoping to help you in your life!