Multi肉 plant flower soil preparation technology
About these do you know? Flower raising common sense experience, Multi肉 plant flower soil preparation technology, the following for you to introduce in detail
For Multi肉 plants, the culture soil (C-S) on the market has certain limitations, so experienced enthusiasts mostly prepare it themselves. What kind of culture soil is considered high-quality? Simply put, it should be a sandy loam soil that is loose and breathable, has good drainage, has a certain granular structure, and can provide the necessary nutrients for the plant growth period. When preparing, attention should be paid to the reasonable combination of organic and inorganic materials, avoiding overly fine and small dust. Here are some commonly used substrates for Multi肉 plants:
One, Organic Materials
1. Leaf Mold: You can choose the Ch君子 orchid soil available on the market (C-S), or collect fallen leaves from Taxodium distichum or Zelkova serrata to compost and ferment, and disinfect before use.
2. Peat: Buried underground for thousands of years, lake plants are now produced in Jilin and Heilongjiang. High-quality peat is brown in color, high in organic matter, good in fiber, loose in texture, non-sticky to the touch, strong in adsorption, and slightly acidic in pH value.
3. Sawdust: Good water permeability and water retention, but because it has a high carbon content and low nitrogen content, it is generally not used alone, and can be mixed with nitrogenous compounds such as soybean cake for composting and fermentation.
4. Rice Husk Ash: Rich in potash fertilizer, slightly alkaline pH value. Choose the dark black one, not white, and uniform in structure, not too fine.
5. Snake Wood Meal: A processed stem of a fern plant (Cyathea). Hard and brown in texture, not easily decomposed. Good drainage and certain fertility, a popular cultivation substrate in recent years.
6. Mountain Soil: Common types include - Huangshan Soil: Low in organic matter, general drainage; Red Mountain Soil: High in organic matter, heavy and sticky when watered, easy to cake when dry; Black Mountain Soil: High in organic matter, good drainage and not easy to cake after watering. Black Mountain Soil is generally used.
7. Orchid Soil: Commonly used orchid cultivation substrate. But practice has shown that it is also quite good for Multi肉 plants. Its characteristics are: complete nutrients, good drainage, no pollution, no weed seeds. The granular structure is still good after a year of potting.
In addition to these, there are other substrates.
Two, Inorganic Materials
1. Vermiculite: A golden lightweight material with a honeycomb-like structure, good water retention and insulation, excellent breathability, and no bacteria. It has a high survival rate as a cutting substrate but has no fertility itself, and should be mixed with other substrates. Its structure is easily destroyed after long-term cultivation. Sieve the used vermiculite before reuse.
2. Perlite: A lightweight material made of volcanic rock containing aluminum silicate after high-temperature heating and expansion. Good water permeability and air permeability. But low effective water content, often used as an additional supplement.
3. Coconut Coir: Palm fibers, loose in texture, especially good at water retention. Often used for cutting. The coconut coir seen in the market is usually compressed into small blocks, also known as "expanded soil." Soak in water before use.
4. Pond Stone: Made by high-temperature firing, often placed at the bottom of the pot or mixed with other substrates. If mixed with other materials, the particles should not be too large, about 0.2 cm is fine.
5. Plant Stone: Also a plant orchid substrate, more advantageous than pond stone, rich in various minerals, effective for cultivating Multi肉 plants, can replace the former, but slightly more expensive.
6. Sand: Should be salt-free, not too fine in particle size. Wash and sieve before use, and mix with other substrates. Good water permeability, high oxygen content, large temperature difference between morning and evening, suitable for Multi肉 plant requirements.
Other inorganic substrates include volcanic rock, coal cake, etc.
In addition, some auxiliary materials such as calcium-containing materials (shell powder, calcium treasure, etc.) are commonly used when preparing culture soil. There are also some base fertilizers such as chicken manure, cow manure, etc.
No matter which substrate is chosen and how it is prepared, it must meet the basic requirements of the plant and consider various situations flexibly.
① Prepare according to the cultivation site: For example, the soil for ground planting and pot planting is different. Ground planting should consider more drainage, adding more materials with strong drainage, such as sand and gravel. Pot planting should appropriately supplement organic matter on the principle of ensuring loose and breathable soil. If planted on a south-facing balcony, consider the characteristics of dry and sufficient sunlight, and add some substrates with strong water retention, such as vermiculite, coconut coir, etc.
② Prepare according to different types: Different types may have "great differences" in soil preparation. For example, epiphytic types need a certain amount of humus, while some terrestrial types from poor soil origins with underdeveloped roots do not require as much humus. Not only do different families have different soil requirements, but even different genera within the same family have different soil requirements. Take the example of the Lily family's Chinese Aloe and Bobo, the former is in the Aloe genus, has strong habits, grows fast, and can be supplemented with plenty of base fertilizer at the bottom of the pot. The latter is a plant in the Haworthia genus, grows slowly, and generally does not require base fertilizer.
③ Prepare according to different cultivation regions: The climate in the north is dry, requiring a certain water retention capacity in the soil; The south has abundant rainfall and high humidity, requiring higher drainage and breathability in the soil.
④ Prepare according to different growth stages: Seedlings have underdeveloped roots, and the organic matter content should be slightly less, with the soil mainly composed of lightweight materials mixed with some fine sand, then gradually increasing the organic matter content.
In fact, soil preparation cannot be explained clearly by simply a few grand principles. The key is the cultivator's own experience accumulation over time, and over the years, one will always find a set of "self-invented" formulas. Here are a few formulas for reference:
1) 8 parts Plant Stone + 2 parts Orchid Soil + a little shell powder (suitable for cultivating stone flowers).
2) 10 parts coarse sand + 2 parts sawdust + 1 part base fertilizer + 1 part garden soil (suitable for ground planting).
3) 1 part leaf mold + 1 part peat + 2 parts coarse sand + 1 part lightweight material + a little base fertilizer (suitable for epiphytic types).
4) 3 parts Pond Stone + 2 parts Orchid Soil + 1 part lightweight material + 1 part peat (suitable for cultivating hard-leafed species of Haworthia).
5) 2 parts garden soil + 1 part leaf mold + 4 parts coarse sand + 1 part lightweight material + half a part of rice husk ash (suitable for ordinary terrestrial types).
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