What does fleshy tissue culture mean
Xiaobian will tell you about the relevant experience of succulent plants and succulent tissue culture. It is a very good experience and knowledge. It is recommended to collect it!
Some flower friends may have heard of succulent tissue culture, but they don't know what succulent tissue culture means. Succulent tissue culture refers to the use of a certain part of a succulent plant to obtain new seedlings through vegetative reproduction. The process of cloning seedlings is also called plant cloning.
The above paragraph is a simple introduction, telling flower friends what fleshy tissue culture is all about. If flower friends are interested, they can continue to read the more professional introduction below. Flower friends who are not interested in large text can skip it, because ordinary flower friends know The above knowledge is enough.
So what exactly does "organizational training" that causes market turmoil mean?
To be precise, it should be "rapid propagation in vitro", which is a branch of tissue culture technology-rapid propagation in vitro, referred to as "rapid propagation". This technology evolved from leaf cutting and root cutting techniques. We use soil to make leaf cutting and root cutting, while "fast propagation" is done with artificial substrates, which look a lot like jelly, and the containers have also been changed from flower pots to glass bottles. This is the plant tissue culture factory that everyone later saw on TV.
Why can culture medium in glass bottles achieve rapid reproduction?
The reason lies in the superior external environment and the effect of plant hormones. The temperature, light and humidity in the rapid reproduction laboratory are constant, and the "culture medium" contains enough nutrients and powerful plant hormones. These hormones can adjust the growth state of a plant according to human wishes, allowing it to sprout or root. However, this also depends on the academic level and experience of the operator. There are limited people in China who can manipulate hormones calmly.
When we usually do leaf cutting and beheading, we also use some hormones cleverly. In fact, the behavior of dripping hormones on leaf cutting and beheading plants is the same as the nature and principle of "rapid reproduction", and the seedlings obtained are also exactly the same. Many people don't realize this and think that the seedling characteristics obtained by different reproduction methods will be different. In fact, the difference only lies in the nutrient enrichment, that is, the fullness of the seedlings. The leaf inserted is always weaker than the beheaded ones. The characters appear later, which is caused by the endogenous hormones and nutrition in the parts, but the genome is completely consistent and there will be no character drift. Only mosaic traits, such as spotted brocade, may have a "probability" difference between leaf cutting and beheading.
Looking back at "tissue culture" in the eyes of the public, it is actually rapid reproduction in vitro. Due to human manipulation of the dynamic changes of plant hormones, the isolated plant tissues can sprout according to human wishes, and there are countless ones one or two. Because the asexual reproduction of plants is considered infinite, so in the "rapid reproduction" model of tissue culture, the seedlings of this variety can be expanded infinitely, which is also the most deadly place that "harms" the market. However, it must be pointed out that the infinite reproduction of tissue culture seedlings also comes with a cost, and it does not fall from the sky like Liu Qian's magic. Many people think that tissue culture is cost-free or low-cost and worthless. In fact, they all don't understand tissue culture.
If you want to obtain tens of thousands of seedlings, you must have a special tissue culture laboratory or factory. This operating cost is quite huge and can be said that ordinary manufacturers cannot do it. So far, large-scale tissue culture factories have been funded and established by ZF. In other words, most people engaged in tissue culture seedling production have paid for by the state. If you really pay for your own tissue culture factory, you can't afford it.
Tissue culture technology appeared in Europe and the United States as early as the 1970s and is widely used in seedling breeding and the production of small plants. The maturity of artificial synthesis and control technologies for temperature, light, humidity, water, fertilizer, etc., especially the emergence of efficient plant fill light, has promoted the rapid development of tissue culture. Plants that were originally only cultivated in a single-layer flat solar shed can now be bred and produced in an indoor artificial light environment using multi-layer three-dimensional combination cultivation methods. Is "tissue culture" good for rapid reproduction in vitro?
Rapid propagation of seedlings is almost entirely achieved through hormone regulation, which leads to the question of whether the person who controls the hormones understands the characteristics of plants, is familiar with the theory of hormones and plant physiology, and whether he has enough experience to control tissue culture technology. These points all determine the quality of tissue culture and rapid propagation of seedlings.
If the tissue culture and rapid propagation process are strictly controlled, the seedlings obtained by tissue culture or rapid propagation will be exactly the same as leaf-cutting and beheading seedlings, retaining the complete genome of the plant to the greatest extent possible. This is the biggest advantage of tissue culture and rapid propagation, which determines that the reproduction and germplasm preservation of important crops and precious flowers are currently done through tissue culture and rapid propagation. Even today, our lives, including eating, are already inseparable from tissue culture and rapid propagation. Genetically modified plants also need to be completed with the help of tissue culture and rapid propagation platforms. We are exposed to at least 30 derivative products of genetically modified plants in our lives.
Due to the uncontrollable nature of natural factors, the comprehensive costs and risks paid by naturally free-range cultivation and breeding succulent plants, especially precious species, are much higher than those paid by relying on artificial lighting technology and modern air-conditioning technology to collect them indoors.
What are the disadvantages of "tissue culture" rapid propagation in vitro?
1. Insufficient hardening: Because tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings survive in an almost perfect environment, their resistance to stress and self-control are very poor. In other words, children raised by hormones need to be domesticated and cultivated after entering the greenhouse from the laboratory. It is called "hardening" in the industry. The quality of hardened tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings is exactly the same or even better than that of beheading and leaf transplanting seedlings. So what are the shortcomings? That is, some merchants use (C-S) tissue culture seedlings without completely hardening, which leads to rapid liquefaction and death of seedlings after purchase.
2. Hormone residues: Due to the accumulation of more hormones in the body of tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings, a small number of seedlings will show some residual hormone effects after rooting in the later stage. This effect will not exceed one year. For example, it is easier to produce lateral buds, increased flowering or disordered cycles, a large number of deformed roots, etc. However, this situation is not unique to tissue culture and rapid propagation of seedlings. This symptom can also occur in hormone-induced leaf cutting and beheading seedlings, or even more exaggerated! Therefore, this is not the basis for identifying tissue culture seedlings. This situation generally gradually improves one year after the seedlings adapt to the new environment until they transition to normal seedlings. It should be emphasized here that only a few tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings will appear in this state, but not all. That is, the seedlings we buy in good condition may also be tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings.
3. Impact on sexual reproduction: Since the seedlings obtained by tissue culture and rapid propagation are all seedlings that require hardening and long-term greenhouse cultivation before they can blossom, generally there is no effect on sexual reproduction. However, changes in hormone sensitivity in very few seedlings will cause some problems in later pollination and fruiting, but most of them promote fruiting! This is interesting, which means that some tissue culture seedlings can easily pollinate successfully and obtain a large number of seeds. One of the big rumors circulating at present is that "tissue culture plants are sterile", which is the opposite! Tissue culture seedlings are actually easier to obtain a large number of seeds. Many friends who have cultivated Hongwen Shou, Qinghua Shou, and Kangpingshou that were quickly propagated in Shenyang in the early years should have deep feelings...
4. Abnormal root primordium: Due to the hormone environment, the arrangement of vascular bundles of the root primordium will be disrupted, which may lead to the inhibition of rooting and normal roots cannot germinate smoothly. Generally speaking, when tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings are hardened, this part of the abnormal root primordium can be cut off to obtain normal root systems. Only a few operators who are not very familiar with fleshy tissue culture will ignore this point. Experienced tissue culture operators will deliberately remove this part of the root primordium. If this part of the root primordium is not removed, it can be used as a symbol to identify the tissue culture seedling. That is, the root has a very abnormally distorted concentrated stem, and this part of the leaves are very long and narrow, with side by side deformed roots or root primordium. If we get such a seedling, it is actually very simple. You can just cut it off completely with a knife. But it must also be pointed out here that hormone-induced leaf cuttings and beheaded seedlings may also have abnormal root primordia! The implication is that this is not the gold standard for judging tissue culture seedlings.
Even if it is not tissue culture seedlings, after we purchase new plants, we still need to treat the roots and domesticate the young plants, that is, to adapt to the new environment. Because no matter what kind of seedling raising method is adopted, the advantages of the environment are unmatched in the conventional home environment, new plants are needed to adapt slowly. Start with root temperature, water quality, light and ambient temperature.
How to identify tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings: According to the several issues mentioned above on tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings, it is obvious that if a tissue culture and rapid propagation seedling is hardened, or even after half a year to one year of greenhouse domestication, I can say with confidence that no one can tell that this is a tissue culture seedling.
So how do we try to distinguish?
1. The first is to look at the number and whether there are many similar seedlings. Assuming that a new variety obtains a large number of seedlings with similar appearance and size in a short period of time, then we can directly suspect that this is a tissue culture seedling, because ordinary large female parents cannot obtain more than 10 identical seedlings by beheading and leaf transplanting, and there will generally be differences in size. However, merchants are also very smart nowadays. They may not launch so many at once and slowly put them on the market, which makes it difficult to identify.
For example, Ghost Rock Cities that appeared sporadically two years ago, in fact, looking back today, there are already so many similar Ghost Rock Cities, so we can suspect that they are tissue culture, such as the Forbidden City, Green Island and certain varieties of silver. These can all be included as suspects. But we must be very objective here to say that there is nothing wrong with these tissue culture seedlings. Some people say that some characteristics are different from standard plants. I think there are many reasons for this. It is closely related to the quality of the female parent selected by people who were engaged in tissue culture and rapid propagation, and it is also related to later cultivation, so we cannot generalize it. I bought a lot of tissue culture Ghost Rock Cities myself as hybrid parents. I think it is very good, affordable and efficient! Moreover, after these Ghost Rock Cities are cultivated for a period of time, the windows will also become bright. Some people say that the windows of the tissue culture Ghost Rock Cities are made of matte, which personally believes that they are closely related to the cultivation environment.
2. Judging from the state of the seedlings, seedlings that have not been hardened are generally bright green, water-soaked, rootless or deformed roots, and slender like grass. These are the characteristics of unhardened tissue culture seedlings. If we get such seedlings, generally speaking, most enthusiasts will not be able to feed them, because the hardening step is very professional and must be maintained with external nutrients and hormones to make the transition smooth. Hardened seedlings are generally rooted and strong, with thick green skins or characteristic windows. These seedlings are difficult to distinguish from beheaded seedlings. Only a very small number of people engaged in tissue culture can distinguish them. When the hardened seedlings are cultivated for one year, the people engaged in tissue culture cannot distinguish them.
3. The deformity of the seedlings. This kind of deformed seedlings are generally thrown away during the production process. Unless a financial addict is crazy, they will be put on the market for fraud. Malformed seedlings are difficult to harden. Often, these abnormal seedlings refer to seedlings with no clear growth points, or the leaves are severely distorted and become wrapped, and new leaves cannot sprout normally. If the leaves are only half-wrapped or have multiple growth points and the growth points are obvious, this situation is not a deformed seedling. It can only be regarded as the early unseparated state of the clustered seedlings. Such seedlings can be hardened and cultivated normally. Due to the influence of endogenous hormones, the leaves will also appear semi-wrapped or distorted. When we treat beheaded plants or leaf cuttings with hormones, we can also obtain similar cluster seedlings. Therefore, as long as they are not particularly deformed, they cannot be identified as tissue culture seedlings.
4. The root primordium is deformed. Experienced tissue culture and rapid propagation workers will solve this problem. Only those with insufficient experience will leave this "characteristic" to everyone for identification. Its performance has been mentioned above. Suppose we encounter this situation, cut it off with a knife and then root it will be okay.
What statements are mistakenly regarded as characteristics of tissue culture and rapid propagation of seedlings?
1. Base cross-section: Needless to say, almost all asexual reproduction methods have a base cross-section. Some people like to make this surface into a spherical surface for beauty. In short, this is obviously not a sign of rapid tissue culture.
2. No roots: Whether roots arise or not is related to many factors, especially the cultivation environment. Unless we take a strict side bud as a control, if the other one does not take root, then we can suspect whether it is tissue culture and rapid propagation or not hardened. Hardened seedlings are easy to root, and even partially hardened seedlings will root 3 days after transplanting, faster than normal seedlings.
3. Dry: Only unhardened seedlings can dry up as a distinguishing feature, but such seedlings generally cannot live, so they cannot be used as a sign. Many seedlings are relatively small and will be dehydrated after transportation. The dehydration is also used to prepare for the germination of new roots, so this statement is self-defeating.
4. Not strong: As I said just now, on the contrary, tissue culture seedlings after hardening generally appear to be easy to be strong.
5. Missing traits: This problem is invisible when we buy seedlings. It must be grown up. Many traits are dependent on age, nutrition and environment. The problem is very complex, so this cannot be used as a sign. Objectively speaking, tissue culture and rapid propagation are the same method as cutting off heads and leaves, which completely maintains the genome, and there should be no abnormalities. Mutations caused by the action of hormones are only rare cases. Such mutant individuals are generally regarded as new varieties or treasures, and will not be sold as ordinary seedlings.
6. Malformation: Only severe malformations can be suspected of being tissue culture seedlings. This is not the gold standard. There are few general asexual seedlings that are not deformed at the beginning.
7. It is harmful to the health of the grower: This statement includes saying that tissue culture seedlings can cause infertility and cancer. It is ridiculous. Just smile after listening to it.
Suppose we get tissue culture seedlings and suspect it is tissue culture seedlings, what should we do?
If you suspect that it is a tissue culture seedling, then you can only cultivate it more carefully. There is no good way to do it. If it is an unhardened seedling, no matter how fine it is, it will die. This can only rely on the sincerity of the merchants.
Suppose we get hardened seedlings and the merchant also tells us that this is tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings, then we must first ask whether they have been hardened? How long has it been cultivated after hardening? If it has been cultivated for more than one year after hardening, then we can plant it as ordinary seedlings. If it is less than a year, we can remove all the roots and re-root the roots when turning the pot the next year.
What should we think about tissue culture seedlings?
The tissue culture seedlings themselves are not terrible, but what is terrible is the cover up by the merchants! Look at the attitude of Dutch tissue culture companies and Siaki website. It's okay to label tissue culture seedlings. Inform enthusiasts will help everyone raise succulent plants better. More importantly, it can lead to the normal and healthy development of the market. Only when everyone understands tissue culture can we avoid more misunderstandings and market chaos, instead of blindly rejecting or selling dog meat ~~~ This option should be returned to the majority of enthusiasts or consumers! As a person engaged in tissue culture, we have the obligation to promote relevant knowledge of tissue culture and rapid propagation ~~ This will greatly promote our overall level and development.
As an enthusiast, you should view tissue culture technology with a peaceful mind. Don't just listen to the suggestions of non-professionals. You should go online to check up information and materials about tissue culture and tissue culture seedlings. This is more meaningful than hearsay.
As a producer, we should view tissue culture technology with a development and knowledge-seeking attitude. Tissue culture technology is the general trend and no one can change it. The traditional production and breeding model will inevitably be replaced by a new production and breeding model. This is productivity change.
As a seller, you should use a keen eye to see the major business opportunities contained in tissue culture plants. The high-end benefits of holding the top of the pyramid are far from being available.Mass popularization at the bottom of the pyramid brings great significance and benefits.
Finally, as a "boutique collector", plants themselves are not antiques. The older the antiques, the more valuable they are. The newer the plants, the more valuable they are. I think the concept of collecting plants as antiques and hoping to one day proliferate may need to be reconsidered. However, the impact of mass production of tissue culture on high-quality collectors is limited, because collectors often raise adult plants, and tissue culture seedlings are at best just seedlings reproducing. This time distance will never catch up, so in the future, there will be a situation where seedlings are cheap and expensive. I think this is a normal trend.
The above-mentioned comprehensive knowledge explanation of what fleshy tissue culture means, I hope it can help you.