What are the characteristics of forsythia? Description of the morphological features of forsythia.

What are the characteristics of forsythia?A small knowledge of life, introducing the characteristics of forsythia and the morphological characteristics of green plants, the related content is as follows:Morphological characteristicsForsythiaForsythia is a deciduous shrub, erect or prostrate, 0.3-5 meters high, with drooping branches. The branches are slightly twisted, smooth and hairless, the small branches are quadrangular, and the ridges have a narrow wing.The leaves are opposite, three compound leaves, and the base of the small branches often has a single leaf; the leaf axis has a narrow wing, the petiole is 3-10 millimeters long, hairless; the leaf blades and small leaf blades are slightly hairy on both sides when young, and only the leaf margin has cilia when old; the small leaf blades are ovate, long ovate or elliptical, narrow elliptical, rarely obovate, with a sharp or obtuse apex, with a short tip, a cuneate base, the leaf margin is involute, the midrib is slightly concave on the upper surface, convex on the lower surface, and the lateral veins are not obvious; the terminal small leaf blades are larger, 1-3 cm long, 0.3-1.1 cm wide, sessile or with a short petiole extending from the base, lateral small leaf blades 0.6-2.3 cm long, 0.2-11 cm wide, sessile; single leaves are ovate or elliptical, sometimes nearly circular, 0.7-2.2 cm long, 0.4-1.3 cm wide.The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils of the small branches of the previous year, rarely at the top of the small branches; the bracts are leaf-like, lanceolate, ovate or elliptical, 3-8 millimeters long, 1.5-4 millimeters wide; the pedicel is 2-3 millimeters long; the calyx is green, with 5-6 narrow lanceolate lobes, 4-6 millimeters long, 1.5-2.5 millimeters wide, with a sharp apex; the corolla is yellow, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, the corolla tube is 0.8-2 cm long, 1.5-2 millimeters in diameter at the base, gradually expanding upwards, with 5-6 oblong or elliptical lobes, 0.8-1.3 cm long, 3-6 millimeters wide, with a sharp or obtuse apex. The flowering period is in June.Growth habitsLikes light, slightly shade-tolerant, slightly cold-tolerant, afraid of waterlogging, can overwinter in exposed land in North China and Yanling, requires warm and humid climate, loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage, grows vigorously in acidic soil, grows poorly in alkaline soil. The root germination force is strong. The part of the branch that touches the ground is very easy to take root.Geographical distributionProduced in Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and the northwestern part of Yunnan, the southeastern part of Tibet. It grows in mountainous shrubbery, at an altitude of 800-2000 meters. It is widely cultivated in China and around the world.Distribution map of forsythiaPropagation methodMainly by cutting, can also be propagated by layering and division. Cutting: can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, cut off semi-lignified branches 12-15 cm long, insert into sandy soil, keep moist, about 15 days to take root. Layering: shallowly bury the longer branches in sandy soil, do not need to cut, after 40-50 days to take root, separate from the mother plant and transplant in the following spring. Division: can be carried out in spring when the buds sprout. When transplanting in spring, part of the aboveground branches should be cut off, and the old soil should be taken. It can also be dried and inserted, that is, after inserting in the prepared seedbed, water thoroughly. Cutting can be carried out from mid-October to mid-November or in spring. After taking root, transplant, or propagate by division or layering.Cultivation techniquesSelect branchesCutting, can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, cut off semi-lignified branches 12-15 cm long, insert into sandy soil, keep moist, about 15 days to take root. Shallowly bury the longer branches in sandy soil, do not need to cut, after 40-50 days to take root, separate from the mother plant and transplant in the following spring.DivisionCan be carried out in spring when the buds sprout. When transplanting in spring, part of the aboveground branches should be cut off, and the old soil should be taken. During the growth process, pay attention to the soil, do not accumulate water and too dry, apply fertilizer 2-3 times before and after flowering. In autumn and winter, pruning and shaping should be carried out to keep the plants fresh and flower more. Pruning short: Forsythia forms flower buds on one-year-old branches, and blooms from late winter to spring of the following year. Therefore, all flower branches should be pruned short after the flowers fall every year to promote more lateral branches and increase the number of flowers, while strengthening the management of fertilizer and water.Pruning should be carried out after the flowers in spring, and a decomposed cake fertilizer or base fertilizer should be applied once, and manure should be applied every half month during the growing season. Remember to increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the later stage of growth, so that after pruning, it can promote more vigorous branches. Daily management, the soil should be kept moist and slightly biased, do not water when dry, when the climate is dry, can be appropriately watered to increase humidity, after the rain, prevent the pot from accumulating water. In summer, when the sun is scorching and high temperature occurs, move it to a semi-shaded place, which is more conducive to its growth. Before and after the Spring Festival, move it into a greenhouse or plastic shed with the pot, keep the room temperature around 15℃, and it can be seen in about 15 days.GraftingYou can choose water wax seedlings with a diameter of more than 2 cm, and graft at a height of lm in early spring or at a certain height. Take the current year's forsythia branch 8-10 cm long as the scion for grafting. After grafting, bind tightly with film, cover with a plastic bag, gradually tear the bag for air circulation and seedling training after survival, and pinch the tips to promote lateral branches and cultivate the crown shape.Using potsForsythia is adaptable, likes light, cold-tolerant, drought-tolerant, alkali-tolerant, afraid of waterlogging, not strict requirements for soil, can grow in slightly acidic, neutral, slightly alkaline soil, but grow best in loose and fertile sandy soil. Planting is generally carried out after the flowers wither or in mid-September. If you want to cultivate it into a root-raising style, you can raise the roots appropriately during planting, but do not raise them too high at one time, otherwise it will be unfavorable to growth. Because the forsythia is yellow, when planting, it is advisable to choose a light blue, purple red, or black pot, so that the pot and the color of the flower are coordinated. If cultivated properly, it will be full of yellow flowers in spring, green leaves in summer and autumn, and green vines in winter, full of spring throughout the year.MaintenanceSite. Just planted or just changed pot forsythia, first water thoroughly, placed in the shade for about 10 days, and then placed in a semi-shaded place; maintain for a week, then placed in a sunny, well-ventilated, relatively humid place for maintenance. In winter, in the south, just bury the pot of forsythia in the soil facing the sun and sheltered from the wind, which can safely overwinter. In the north, it should be moved into a low temperature (about 5℃) room for overwintering at the beginning of winter. If you want to make forsythia bloom in advance, you can move it into a medium or high temperature sunny room at the right time. If placed in a sunny place in the room at about 13℃, spray clear water on the branches and leaves 1-2 times a day, and it can bloom in about 20 days; if placed in a sunny place in the room at about 20℃, it can bloom in about 10 days. After flowering, keep the room temperature around 8℃, and pay attention to not let the wind blow directly on it, which can prolong the flowering period. The higher the room temperature after flowering, the faster the flowers wither.Control of diseases and insect pestsLeaf disease[Symptoms]: Caused by cucumber mosaic virus CMV, a systemic disease. The symptoms are small and deformed leaves, with dark green streaks or yellowing. Infected plants do not bloom, or if they bloom, the flowers are also small and deformed, with streaks (see figure). The main transmission route is mainly transmitted by peach aphids and cotton aphids. The main source of infection is mainly surrounding weeds infected with the disease.[Control method]: First of all, we should clear the weeds in time to reduce the source of infection. Secondly, we should prevent and control aphids as early as possible to eliminate the transmission medium.Brown spot disease[Symptoms]: It often occurs on the four seasons primrose. It is caused by Alternaria spp. of the subphylum of Deuteromycetes. Infected plant leaves have brown spots. The transmission route is the conidia spreading by wind and rain.[Control method]: At the beginning of the disease, spray 70% Chloxydim wettable powder 1000 times liquid and other fungicides.Gray mold[Symptoms]: It is one of the common diseases of forsythia, which occurs all over the country. After the plants are infected, the whole plant turns yellow and withers. The disease mainly infects leaves, tender stems, flower organs and other parts. It often occurs at the tips and edges of leaves. At the beginning of the disease, water-soaked spots appear on the leaves, which gradually expand, turn brown and rot. Later, a gray-yellow mold layer is formed on the surface of the lesion. After the stem is infected, the lesion is brown and gradually rots. After the flower organ is infected, it also becomes brown and falls off. In humid conditions, a gray mold layer appears on the diseased part, which is a major feature of this disease. The fungus overwinters in the diseased residue and soil in the form of sclerotia. The disease is easy to occur when the air temperature is about 20℃ and the humidity is high. It spreads through wind, tools, irrigation water. Greenhouses are the most serious in late winter and early spring.[Control method]: The planting density should be reasonable. Pay attention to ventilation and reduce the humidity of the air. Diseased leaves and plants should be cleared in time to reduce the source of infection. Spray 50% Suckling or 50% Puhaiyin wettable powder 1500 times liquid at the beginning of the disease. It is best to alternate with 65% Jiamailing wettable powder 500 times liquid to prevent drug resistance.Spot disease[Symptoms]: It mainly harms the leaves of the plant. The disease spreads from the lower part of the plant to the upper part. The lesion is usually 3 to 4 mm in diameter, brown, and in severe cases, the diseased leaves wither and fall off. The disease is caused by Primula columnar spore bacteria. The pathogen overwinters on diseased residues in the form of mycelium or conidial stroma, and seeds can also carry the bacteria, becoming the initial source of infection in the following year. The disease is mainly transmitted by conidia with air and rain. The secondary infection is frequent during the growing season. Generally, the disease begins to occur in July, and spreads from August to October.[Control method]: Select and cultivate disease-resistant varieties, strengthen fertilizer and water management, increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and avoid the application of nitrogen fertilizer. At the beginning of the disease, spray 70% methyl thiophanate 1000 times liquid plus 75% Chloxydim wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture.Leaf spot disease[Symptoms]: It often occurs on leaves and flower pedicles. Initially, irregular water-soaked lesions appear along the leaf veins, then yellow and brown, the lesions expand, and the leaf margin withers. In severe cases, the lower leaves wither and die.[Control method]: Strengthen cultivation management, cultivate disease-free seedlings, and disinfect the soil of the seedbed; ventilate in time in the greenhouse to reduce the humidity of the air. Diseased plants and residues should be cleared in time. After the onset of the disease, spray 50% xanthan gum acid copper wettable powder 500 times liquid, or 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder 4000 times liquid.Main categoriesThere are many plants of the same genus as forsythia, and the common varieties are as follows:Red Jasmine, also known as red jasmine, is a climbing shrub. Young branches are quadrangular with stripes. Single leaves are alternate, ovate lanceolate, with an acuminate apex. Cyme with 3 flowers at the top, corolla red to rose red, with fragrance. Flowers and leaves bloom at the same time, flowering period is in May. Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces.Jasmine, also known as large-flowered jasmine, is an erect shrub. The branches droop and have angular ridges. The leaves are opposite, pinnate compound leaves, with 5-7 small leaves, elliptical or ovate, acuminate at the apex. Flowers are solitary or several in a cyme at the top, white, with fragrance. The flowering period is from June to July. Produced in Yunnan, Guangxi. Vietnam, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and India are also distributed.Forsythia, also known as early summer, is a semi-evergreen shrub. The branches are spreading and arching downward. Odd pinnate compound leaves are alternate, with 3-5 small leaves, ovate or elliptical. The flowers are yellow, in a terminal cyme with many flowers. The berries are elliptical ovoid, greenish brown. The flowering period is in May, and the fruiting period is in December. Native to central and northern China.Yunnan yellow forsythia, also known as Yunnan forsythia, is an evergreen vine-like shrub. The branches are hairless, quadrangular, with shallow ridges. The leaves are opposite, with 3 small leaves, long elliptical lanceolate, the top one is larger, the base gradually narrows into a short petiole, and the two lateral small leaves are small and sessile. The flowers are solitary, light yellow, with dark spots, the petals are longer than the corolla tube, often nearly double, with fragrance. The flowering period is from March to April. Native to Yunnan, now cultivated everywhere.Sufanghua, semi-evergreen shrub. The branches are thin and have angular ridges. The leaves are opposite, pinnate compound leaves, with 5-9 small leaves, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate at the apex. Cyme with several flowers at the top, white, with fragrance. The flowering period is from June to July. Produced in Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet.Main usesMedicineLeaf (Forsythia leaf): bitter, astringent, flat. Activate blood to detoxify, reduce swelling and relieve pain. It is used for swelling and boils, trauma, trauma bleeding. Flower (Forsythia): bitter. Induce sweating, relieve heat and diuresis. It is used for fever, headache, and dysuria.[White medicine] Jinmihu: Flower for hypertension, dizziness and dizziness. Jingmihu: Flower for fever, headache, hot pain in urination, cancer; root for children's fever, children's convulsions; leaves for external use for trichomonas vaginalis, stomatitis, carbuncle and boils, trauma bleeding, trauma, and mosquito and fly larvae control. [Wa medicine] Aqi: root and bark for children's high fever, bronchitis.LandscapeForsythia has drooping branches, blooms before leaves at the end of winter to early spring, with golden yellow flowers and green leaves. In landscaping, it is suitable for planting by the lake, stream, bridgehead, and corner of the wall, or on the lawn, forest edge, slope, and around the house can also be planted, can be used for early spring flower viewing. The greening effect of forsythia is prominent, with fast embodiment, widely used in various places. The planting has a good greening effect in the year, and there are cases of using forsythia as an ornamental shrub in flower beds in Shandong, Beijing, Tianjin, Anhui and other places. Shuyang, Jiangsu is the first choice for the production of forsythia.Species distinctionForsythia and ForsythiaThey belong to the same family of deciduous shrubs, widely cultivated in various parts of China; they have many similarities, blooming at similar times, with yellow flowers, blooming before leaves, so many people cannot distinguish these two plants well. In fact, their differences are obvious, as follows:1) The old branches of forsythia are grayish brown, the small branches are quadrangular, thin and long, growing in an arch shape, green. All the leaves are three compound leaves, growing symmetrically in the shape of a cross, the leaves are small, ovate elliptical, entire, with a narrow and sharp apex. The flowers are solitary, yellow, high-footed, growing in the axils of the branches of the previous year. The branches of Forsythia are round, the small branches are light brown, the stems are hollow, often drooping, the leaves are larger, from long elliptical to long elliptical, the upper part has neat serrations, and the lower part is entire. Single leaves or 3 leaves are opposite, the top leaf is larger, and the two lateral leaves are smaller. The flowers are golden yellow, and the petals are wider.2) The small branches of forsythia are green, and the color of the small branches of Forsythia is darker, generally light brown.3) Each flower of Forsythia has 6 petals, and Forsythia has only 4.4) Forsythia rarely bears fruit, and Forsyth