Seed Germination Conditions and Process
Introduction: This article introduces the conditions and process of seed germination, as well as the six conditions for seedling growth in green plants and flowers. Let's dive into the detailed content.
Seed plants are something we learned about in junior high, and many people are interested in this aspect. Today, let's share some knowledge about this with everyone, so take notes quickly. 1. Structure of seeds: Broad bean seeds: seed coat, embryo (germ, hypocotyl, radicle, two cotyledons) (dicotyledons); Corn seeds: pericarp and seed coat, embryo (germ, hypocotyl, radicle, one cotyledon), endosperm (monocotyledons). The embryo is a young organism, including the germ, hypocotyl, radicle, and cotyledons; the cotyledons and endosperm store abundant nutrients, providing the nutrients for seed germination and early development; the seed coat can protect the internal structure of the seed.
2. Seed plants are more adapted to terrestrial life than mosses and ferns, one important reason being their ability to produce seeds. 3. Seed plants include gymnosperms (seeds without fruit coat covering) and angiosperms (seeds with fruit coat covering). Common gymnosperms: oil pine, cedar, spruce, ginkgo, cycad, thuja, etc. Common angiosperms: corn, wheat, rice, peony, locust, areca palm, rose, chrysanthemum, apricot, apple, etc. 4. Fruits consist of pericarp and seeds. The pericarp can protect seeds from insect bites and other adverse factors in the external environment. 5. Seed dispersal methods: dispersed by wind, water, animals, etc. ▲ The life cycle of angiosperms includes seed germination, plant growth, flowering, fruiting, aging, and death.
▲ Seed germination 1. Environmental conditions for seed germination: suitable temperature, certain moisture, and sufficient air. 2. Self conditions for seed germination: full grains, complete embryo, short storage time, and past the dormancy period. 3. Determining seed germination rate (number of germinated seeds / number of seeds tested × 100%) and sampling test. 4. The process of seed germination: absorb moisture, transfer nutrients from cotyledons and endosperm to radicle, germ, and hypocotyl. Then the radicle develops, breaks through the seed coat, and forms roots. The hypocotyl elongates (developing into the part connecting roots and stems), and the germ develops into stems and leaves.
▲ Plant growth 1. Root tip structure: root cap, meristem, elongation zone, maturation zone. 2. The fastest-growing part of the root is the elongation zone. 3. Root growth depends on both the increase in cell numbers in the meristem and the increase in cell volume in the elongation zone. 4. Branches develop from buds.
Seed Germination Conditions and Process
▲ Flowering and fruiting 1. Flowers develop from flower buds. 2. Flower structure: petals, pistil [pistil (stigma, style, ovary), stamen (anther, filament)]. Receptacle, sepals. 3. Pollination: the process of pollen falling from the anther to the stigma of the pistil. 4. Fertilization: the process of sperm in pollen grains fusing with egg cells in the ovule to form a zygote.
7. The purpose of artificial pollination is to make up for the deficiency of pollination in natural conditions.
8. Method: first collect pollen, then apply or sprinkle the pollen on the stigma of the same species of plant.
That's the detailed introduction of seed germination conditions and process, and the six conditions for seedling growth. Did you get it?