How to care for peony in a pot
Let's talk about how to care for peony in a pot and the planting methods and related knowledge of peony flower cultivation, let's take a look together!
Before planting peony flowers, choose a high and dry area with good drainage, requiring deep, loose, and fertile sandy loam soil. If planting in areas with heavy salinity and alkalinity, the soil needs to be changed; if planting in low-lying areas, a high platform should be built, with sufficient clean water for irrigation. Peonies dislike continuous cropping. In field cultivation, it is generally rotated every 3 to 4 years, otherwise the growth will weaken and the damage from diseases and pests will be serious. If the land is limited and cannot be rotated on time, deep tillage should be carried out 1-2 months before planting. The depth should be 60-100 cm, and 1500-2000 kg of decomposed dung or 200-250 kg of cake fertilizer can be applied per 666.7 square meters. Remember not to apply raw fertilizer that has not been decomposed.
1. Planting time: Whether it's seedlings or divided plants, the planting time in Heze is from the end of August (Chu Shu) to the end of September (Qiu Fen), and in Yangzhou, it's from the end of September (Qiu Fen) to the beginning of November (Li Dong). Generally, it is combined with dividing plants.
2. Planting specifications: For ornamental cultivation in gardens, the spacing between plants can be 1 meter by 1 meter, with planting points arranged in a "品" shape. This allows for uniform and reasonable use of land and is beneficial for the symmetrical growth of plants, but field operations can sometimes be inconvenient. For convenient field management and observation, a "square" arrangement is commonly used. The specifications of the planting holes should be about 35 cm deep, with an upper diameter of 18 cm. The pits should be narrow at the top and wide at the bottom. For ornamental cultivation, thick roots are not removed, while for medicinal cultivation, roots are removed after stimulation. The holes are about 25 centimeters wide. If planting directly with the rootless peony head, the depth can be shallower.
3. Planting method: Apply decomposed dung or cake fertilizer at the bottom of the hole and mix it with the subsoil. Before planting, treat the peony seedlings with a mixture of thiophanate-methyl 700 times solution and isofenphos-methyl 1000 times solution to prevent diseases and pests. Hold the peony seedling with your hand, place the roots loosely in the hole, and when half of the hole is filled with soil, shake and lift the seedling to make the roots closely combined with the soil. The height of the seedling should be lifted so that the buds are level with the ground. After watering, the soil pit will sink, which is the appropriate planting depth. Planting too deep makes it difficult for the buds to sprout out of the ground, and even if they do, their growth and development will not be vigorous. Planting too shallow may cause the rootstock to be exposed to the sun, leading to death. Finally, fill the hole with soil, tamp it down, and make a soil pile about 10 centimeters high to prevent cold and preserve moisture, which also serves as a sign and protection. Depending on the soil moisture, if the soil is moist, there is no need to water after planting, otherwise, water immediately after planting.
The cultivation of peony flowers mainly uses traditional propagation methods, including division, seeding, cutting, and layering. Among these, the division method is the easiest and most widely used. The seeding method is only used for breeding new varieties, producing rootstocks for grafting peonies, and medicinal production. The rapid propagation of ornamental varieties is an urgent issue that has been hoped to be solved through tissue culture. Both domestically and internationally, much work has been done, and although there has been progress, it is still quite a distance from practical application.
How to care for peony in a pot
Peony flower planting method
1. Cutting method
Select a high and well-drained nursery bed, loosen the soil, and then spread a 15 cm thick layer of river sand, which should be disinfected with 0.5% potassium permanganate. The cutting matrix can also use vermiculite or perlite. Build a 1.5-meter-high sunshade shed on the bed. According to the experience of Changchun and other places, cutting and inserting the cuttings in mid-July is the best. The cuttings are 10-15 cm long, with two nodes, one compound leaf left with a few leaves, and the next compound leaf cut off with the petiole. After quick-dipping in a solution of 500×10-1000×10 naphthyl acetic acid or indole acetic acid, insert them into the soil about 5 cm deep, with a spacing that does not overlap the leaves. After watering thoroughly, cover with a plastic shed. It has been observed that when the matrix temperature is 28-30°C and the humidity is 50%, the root formation is the best. Keeping the temperature in the shed at 20-25°C and the humidity at 80%-90% allows roots to form and dormant buds in 20-30 days after insertion. After rooting, reduce the amount of watering and gradually remove the plastic and sunshade sheds. Cutting seedlings grow slowly and need to be covered with soil in the bed to overwinter, and then transplanted to the open ground the following spring.
2. Root cutting method
Use the broken roots during the autumn division of peonies, cut them into 5-10 cm root segments, and insert them into the deep and flat沟. Cover with a 5-10 cm thick layer of fine soil and water thoroughly.
3. Layering method
In the spring, insert the young shoots that have just emerged through the pot holes into a flower pot with a diameter of 15-20 cm, gradually fill the soil as they grow, keep the potting soil moist, and by summer, they can root. Before winter, cut off the stem below the pot to form a potted peony.
4. Modern tissue culture method
Plant tissue culture, also known as aseptic culture technique, is based on the theory of the totipotency of plant cells. It uses isolated organs, tissues, or cells of peony (such as roots, stems, leaves, etc.) in无菌 and suitable artificial culture media, under light and temperature conditions, to induce callus, adventitious buds, adventitious roots, and finally form a complete plant identical to the parent plant in genetics. This technique is also known as cloning technology, achieving rapid propagation and having broad application value.
The cultivation methods of peony flowers mainly revolve around the following four steps, hoping to help flower enthusiasts with the daily care of peony flowers.
1. Temperature
Peonies are typical temperate plants that are warm-loving and cold-tolerant, with a wide ecological adaptation range. They can be cultivated in the open field in northern China, with strong cold resistance. In the Beilin County of Heilongjiang Province, where the annual growing period is only 120 days and the lowest extreme temperature is -46.5°C, they can still grow and bloom normally and overwinter in the open field. In summer, they prefer a cool climate but are also heat-tolerant. For example, in Bozhou, Anhui Province, where the highest extreme temperature in summer can reach 42.1°C, they can also safely oversummer.
2. Light
Peonies require sufficient light during the growing season to grow luxuriantly and have colorful flowers; however, they can also grow normally in light shade. During the flowering period, they can be kept at a slightly lower temperature and increased humidity to avoid damage from strong sunlight, thereby extending the viewing period. However, excessive shading can cause etiolation, weak growth, failure to bloom, or sparse flowering.
Peonies are long-day plants that differentiate flower buds in the short-day season of autumn and winter and bloom in the long-day season of spring. The development of flower buds and blooming both require long-day conditions. If the day length is too short (8-9 hours), it will lead to slow development of flower buds, accelerated leaf growth, poor blooming, or even no blooming.
3. Soil
Peonies are deep-rooted plants, so they require deep soil layers. They have thick and fleshy roots and are suitable for loose and well-drained sandy loam soil. They grow poorly in clay and sandy soil. High soil moisture and poor drainage can easily cause root rot. Neutral or slightly acidic soil is preferred, and saline-alkali soil is not suitable for planting. They grow better in fertile soil, but the nitrogen content should not be too high to prevent etiolation. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be appropriately applied during the growing period to promote robust growth and beautiful flowering. Peonies dislike continuous cropping. In traditional peony-intensive areas, it is a common practice to continuously plant peonies in the same plot of land for many years, which has caused significant losses, not only severe diseases and pests, reduced yield and quality, but also led to large-scale deaths. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable crop rotation system must be implemented.
4. Water
Peonies prefer a high and dry environment and do not require frequent irrigation. Since peonies have fleshy roots, they are particularly intolerant to waterlogging, and积水 for 6-10 hours can often lead to root rot. Low-lying areas are not suitable for China's peony production areas. Flooding usually causes catastrophic damage to peonies, and only those in high places that were not flooded have survived.
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