What is Broad Bean
In the farmers' market at the transition between spring and summer, the plump and green pods always catch the attention of housewives. This ancient crop, known as one of the "Three Fresh Delicacies of the Start of Summer," has been cultivated since the "Taiping Yuulan." As one of the earliest domesticated legumes by humans, it not only carries the memory of agricultural civilization but also brings a unique flavor to the modern dining table.
Unique Morphology of Survival Wisdom
Adaptive Evolution of Plant Structure
The plant height of 30-100 centimeters implies a growth strategy: it can make full use of sunlight while also withstanding strong winds. The hollow stems achieve efficient nutrient transport, and the triangular ovate leaves are arranged at special angles to accurately guide rainwater to the roots. These characteristics make it show惊人的 adaptability in the rainy regions of Jiangnan.
Reproductive Code of Seed Pod Structure
Each plump pod contains 2-4 rectangular seeds, with the sunken seed scar acting as a natural locator. When the pods burst open naturally, the seeds can accurately射射 up to 1 meter away. The change from green to black in the pod's skin is not only a maturity signal but also forms a natural preservative layer, ensuring the seeds' safe overwintering in the soil.
A Seasonal Gift of Nutritional Treasure
The Philosophy of Seasonal Fresh Beans in April
The pods that germinate around Qingming reach their nutritional peak before the Start of Summer after being nourished by Guyu. At this time, they contain up to 28% protein and are rich in 8 essential amino acids. The custom of "tasting the three fresh" in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang regions is a dietary wisdom that follows the natural rhythm of ancient people.
The Art of Preservation Through Drying Process
During the drying process, the beans undergo enzymatic reactions to produce a unique nutty aroma. When the moisture content drops to 13%, the texture changes from soft to crispy, making it more moldable and creating classic snacks like orchid beans and anise beans.
The Double Gift of Nature and Humanity
From the medicinal value recorded in Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica" to the anise beans in Lu Xun's story of Kong Yijи, this ancient crop has always been intertwined with the Chinese civilization. Modern research has found that it contains precursors of L-DOPA, which gives it special value in the field of neurology. When we peel off the layers of pods, we touch not only the survival wisdom of plants but also the eternal theme of coexistence between humans and nature.