When is the best time to plant sesame for harvest?
The editor will tell you about the issues to pay attention to when planting sesame and the best time for sesame harvest. Next, let's introduce the information by the editor of this site.
Sesame is an important oil crop and is a warm-loving plant. The seeds require a stable and suitable temperature for germination and seedling emergence, and temperatures below 15°C are not conducive to seedling emergence.
According to the planting season of sesame, it is generally divided into spring sesame, summer sesame, and autumn sesame, with a sowing period of about 50-60 days, but the sowing time varies due to climatic differences in different regions.
In Jiangxi and Anhui, spring sesame is usually sown in the first ten days of May, and autumn sesame should not be later than the end of July. Due to factors such as temperature and more rainfall, the best sowing time is June (summer sesame).
Sesame planting is mainly carried out on small areas by farmers, and there are few large-scale planters of dozens of acres, mainly limited by manual播种 and harvest and not very good economic returns.
1. How to plant efficiently?
Sesame planting requires crop rotation (every 2-3 years to prevent serious soil-borne diseases) and also has requirements for the previous crop, preferably on fields where soybeans or sweet potatoes were planted, followed by corn or cotton fields. Fields planted with potatoes, watermelons, or melons are not suitable for planting.
It can be intercropped with short-stemmed crops such as sweet potatoes, soybeans, and peanuts, and intercropping with legumes is beneficial for旱涝保收.
Choose a good sesame variety, preferably a disease-resistant variety. In Jiangxi, you can choose Ganzi 5 or Ganzi 9.
Before sowing, the seeds should be dried and selected. You can soak the seeds in warm water (50°C-55°C) for 10-15 minutes or use 0.1%-0.3% carbendazim or carbendazim to mix the seeds, reducing the occurrence of sesame seedling and soil-borne diseases.
Apply a reasonable amount of base fertilizer, usually organic fertilizer, supplemented with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, and add trace elements such as boron and zinc. Apply 1000-1500 kg of farmyard manure per mu and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer.
Improve sowing quality, requiring suitable soil moisture (not too dry, can be sown after rain), and in case of drought, the field should be watered before sowing. The sowing depth should be 1-2 centimeters.
In recent years, the development of agricultural mechanization has improved, and sesame planting can also adopt mechanized sowing.
There are two technologies: integrated mechanized broadcasting and strip sowing. The tillage, fertilization, and sowing machines are combined to use. Integrated tillage, fertilization, and precision sowing can achieve precision fertilization and precision sowing, suitable for large-scale planters, saving time and effort.
For small planting areas, no-till or shallow tillage methods can be used for sowing.
2. How to control weeds?
There are few herbicides suitable for sesame fields. To reduce the occurrence of post-emergence weeds in sesame, it is recommended to do a good job of soil treatment before or after sowing.
3-5 days before sowing, you can spray 48% fluvalinate emulsion and cover the soil with 3-5 centimeters after application.
1-2 days after sowing, you can choose to use drugs such as多尔, 金多尔 (50-65 ml/mu), and二甲戊灵 (33%二甲戊灵 100-150 ml/mu) for treatment, paying attention to covering the seeds with soil. Good soil treatment can basically control the harm of weeds.
Post-emergence stem and leaf treatments are easier to prevent grassy weeds, but there are currently no herbicides with high safety for broadleaf weeds.
After sesame seedlings emerge (5 leaves to before closing the row), when the weeds are at the 2-3 leaf stage, apply 35-50 ml of 10% quizalofop-p-ethyl emulsion or 20-40 ml of 240 g/l fenoxaprop-p-ethyl emulsion per mu, or you can also use spray with pyrafluorochloridone, efficient grass cover, etc.
Small-scale plantations or fields with many broadleaf weeds can use manual weeding.
The above information introduces the issues to pay attention to when planting sesame and the best time for sesame harvest. I hope this article can provide you with some help!