Cattleya cutting: What kind of rootstock to use
As an epiphytic plant of the cactus family, Cattleya can significantly improve its disease resistance and ornamental value through grafting. This article will deeply analyze the three core technical points in the grafting process, helping plant enthusiasts master the full process from rootstock selection to post-grafting care.
Rootstock Selection and Characteristic Comparison
Advantages of Cactus Rootstock
More than 90% of professional growers prefer cactus as the rootstock. Its developed vascular bundles ensure a contact area with the scion of over 75%, ensuring efficient nutrient transmission. It is recommended to use healthy cactus pads that are 1-2 years old and have a diameter of 5cm or more to graft 3-4 scions at the same time.
Application Scenario of Grass Ball Rootstock
Although the survival rate of grass ball rootstock can reach 85%, its annual growth is only 3-5cm. It is suitable for making mini-potted landscapes, and after grafting, it requires controlled watering and fertilizing, with better results when combined with dwarfing agents.
Regional Adaptability of Leafy Rootstock
In warm southern regions (winter temperatures above 10℃), leafy rootstock is the preferred choice, as its woody stems can support multi-layered grafting shapes. In northern regions, attention should be paid to heating during winter to prevent the scion from falling off during the dormancy period.
Golden Period for Grafting Operations
The best period is at the end of spring (May-June) and the beginning of autumn (September-October), when the environment with a daily temperature of 20-25℃ and humidity of 60%-70% can promote the rapid formation of callus in 3-5 days. Actual data shows that the grafting survival rate during this period is 42% higher than in summer and 67% higher than in winter.
Four-Step Grafting Technique Explanation
Disinfection Treatment Points
Knives should be soaked in alcohol for 15 minutes, and the cut surface of the rootstock should be coated with a carbendazim solution. Professional nurseries often use the flame incineration method, which can not only sterilize but also promote the formation of callus.
Control of Cut Angle
The depth of the V-shaped cut on the rootstock should be 2/3 of the diameter of the scion, with a倾斜 angle of 30° being optimal. The cutting of the scion should expose 0.5cm of white pith to ensure that the cambium layer is fully in contact.
Advanced Grafting Techniques
In addition to the conventional clips, medical tape can be used for wrapping. Advanced players use the wax sealing method: sealing the joint with 60℃ beeswax, which keeps the moisture and prevents bacteria.
Scientific Care After Grafting
Keep scattered light (＜3000lux) for the first 10 days and maintain the air humidity at around 80%. After 15 days, light can be gradually increased, and after 30 days, when new buds sprout, apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1% concentration). Regularly check the joints, and if mildew is found, treat it immediately with mancozeb.
By precisely selecting rootstock varieties, controlling the timing of grafting, and standardizing the operation process, the survival rate of grafting can be increased to over 95%. It is recommended for beginners to start with cactus rootstock, master key technical points such as aligning the pith, and gradually try multi-layered grafting shapes.