Common pests and diseases of heavy fans and their control methods
Heavy fans are succulent plants with high ornamental value, and their unique fan-shaped leaves often become the main target of pests and diseases. Faced with common problems such as leaf blight and scale insects, mastering scientific prevention and control methods can not only save the lives of plants, but also keep heavy fans in an evergreen viewing state all year round. This paper establishes a complete maintenance and protection system for heavy fans through three dimensions: pest identification, cause analysis and practical operation plan. Identification and management of main diseases in heavy fan leaf blight is the most common fungal disease in heavy fan. Typical symptoms are red-brown irregular patches on the edge of the leaves. As the disease develops, the patches will gradually expand to form gray-brown withered spots. The photosynthetic capacity of the affected plants 'leaves decreases by more than 70%, which in severe cases will cause the entire plant to wither. In addition to the tobzine agent mentioned in the original text, the biological agent Bacillus subtilis (concentration 1×10^8 CFU/g) can be used for soil improvement to improve plant disease resistance. Environmental control measures recommend controlling the humidity of the planting environment within the range of 50-65%, and maintaining a ventilation period of more than 4 hours per day. Sunshade nets can be used to reduce light intensity in summer high temperature seasons, and ceramsite paving can be used to maintain the permeability of the matrix, which can effectively reduce the incidence rate by 80%. Heavy fan pest control system scale insect control technology The surface of scale insect bodies is covered with a waxy layer, which is difficult for conventional pesticides to penetrate. It is recommended to adopt a compound prevention and control plan: first use a 75% alcohol cotton swab to physically remove visible insect bodies, and then spray a medicament containing silicon (such as 22% bufezin suspension 2000 times solution) to dehydrate and rupture the waxy layer of the insect body. During the critical period of control, the peak period of nymph incubation (March to April in spring) should be grasped, when the control efficiency can be increased by three times. New trends in biological control introduce natural enemies such as ladybugs and laceflies for biological control, and use yellow sticky insect boards to monitor insect population density. Experimental data show that the biological prevention and control combination can reduce the recurrence rate of scale insects to less than 12%, without producing drug residues. The preventive management plan for the heavy fan health maintenance system establishes a quarterly maintenance calendar: focus on preventing and controlling scale insects in spring, prevent and control leaf blight in summer, provide nutritional supplements in autumn, and take cold-proof measures in winter. Monthly application of water-soluble fertilizer containing humic acid (EC value 1.2-1.5mS/cm) can enhance the thickness of the cell wall and increase the stress resistance of plants by 40%. Intelligent monitoring technology uses IoT sensors to monitor three core parameters of substrate humidity (maintaining 20-30% water content), light intensity (3000-5000Lux), and environmental temperature (18-28℃) in real time, and receives abnormal warnings through mobile APP. Digital management of pest prevention.
Through the trinity management strategy of accurate identification of pests and diseases, intelligent environmental control, and optimization of prevention and control plans, heavy fan maintainers can increase the plant health maintenance rate to more than 95%. It is recommended to conduct systematic inspections every quarter and establish a maintenance log to record the occurrence of pests and diseases, so that prevention and control measures can truly reach the ideal state of "prevention first and treatment second."