The Proportion of Sand and Soil for Succulent Cultivation
Succulents, due to their unique water storage characteristics, have special requirements for the growing medium. A scientific sand-soil ratio not only prevents waterlogging and root rot but also promotes healthy root development. This article systematically analyzes the golden rules for succulent soil mixing, from basic ratios to specific variety needs.
Analysis of the Golden Ratio for Succulent Soil Mixing
Basic Mixing Principles
Verified through 15 years of gardening practice, a 1:1 sand-soil ratio perfectly balances aeration and nutrient retention. Coarse sand provides porosity, humus soil supplements trace elements, and perlite can be added at an extra 5% to enhance drainage. Note that particle diameter should be controlled between 3-5mm, as fine particles can easily compact.
Adjustments for Special Varieties
Hard-leaf varieties such as Haworthia should increase the proportion of pumice to 30%, while Crassulaceae can add 5% rice husk charcoal to adjust the pH value. After mixing the soil, it is recommended to perform a soaking test, with the ideal water permeability rate controlled at complete penetration within 10 seconds.
Three Types of Special Soil Formulas for Succulents
Universal Formula
The universal formula is suitable for 85% of Crassulaceae varieties: coarse river sand (40%) + red jade soil (20%) + peat (20%) + volcanic rock (15%) + bone meal (5%). This combination caters to both mature plants and seedlings, and slow-release fertilizer granules can be added at 5% during spring and autumn.
Special Adjustment for Hard-Leaf Series
Applicable for hard succulents like Agave and Sansevieria: pumice (30%) + deer manure soil (25%) + coconut bran (20%) + maifan stone (15%) + vermiculite (10%). It is recommended to change the substrate every two years and retain 1/3 of the protective heart soil when repotting.
Special Soil for Lithops
Lithops of the Aizoaceae family require a special ratio: weathered rock (50%) + diatomaceous earth (20%) + decomposed leaf soil (15%) + shell powder (10%) + charcoal (5%). During the sowing period, sieve to remove particles >2mm, and add 3% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer during the mature plant stage to promote flowering.
A scientific soil mixing formula needs to be adjusted dynamically based on regional climate conditions. In humid southern regions, the particle ratio can be increased by 5%-10%. Regularly observe the plant's condition; if there is aerial root growth or softening of the bottom leaves, it is often the best time to improve the substrate.