Cultivation Methods and Precautions for Snake Fruit
Snake fruit, as a high-quality fruit variety, requires precise control of growth elements during its cultivation process. This article systematically sorts out the key technical links of snake fruit cultivation, from temperature management to pest and disease control, to help growers master scientific cultivation methods.
Adjustment of Snake Fruit Growing Environment
Temperature Stage Management
Difference between day and night temperatures directly affects the accumulation of sugar in the fruit, and the ideal temperature difference should be maintained at 8-10℃. The temperature during the flowering period needs to be stable within the range of 14-16℃, and it should be gradually increased to 20-22℃ during the day after fruit setting, while maintaining 12-15℃ at night can promote fruit skin coloring.
Accurate Water Supply
Use a drip irrigation system to keep the soil moisture between 60-70%. Excavate drainage ditches in advance during the rainy season to ensure no water accumulation in the 30cm soil layer. Irrigate 20-30mm of water every 7-10 days during dry seasons, and increase appropriately to 35mm during the fruit expansion period.
Scientific Fertilizer Ratio
For young trees, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be 1:0.8:0.6, and for adult fruit trees, it should be adjusted to 1:0.5:1.2. Apply 15kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per plant in March every year, combined with foliar application of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, which can increase the fruit setting rate by 12-15%.
Control of Light Intensity
The annual cumulative light exposure should reach more than 2000 hours, and a 30% shade net should be set up at noon in summer to prevent sunburn. Use the open heart pruning method to maintain the tree crown light transmission rate at 25-30%, ensuring that the fruit in the inner part of the tree can color normally.
Snake Fruit Cultivation Management Practice
Seedling Propagation System
Choose high-quality rootstocks using Malus spectabilis seedlings, with the grafting position 15cm away from the ground. Pre-treat seeds by soaking in 52℃ warm water for 12 hours, then disinfect with 0.5% potassium permanganate. Maintain a ground temperature of 25℃ in the seedbed, and spray 50ppm gibberellin 15 days after emergence to promote growth.
Dynamic Pruning of Tree Shape
Retain 3-4 main branches during the young tree stage, with an open angle of 60-70°. During the full fruiting period, thin out dense branches to maintain a spacing of 40cm between fruiting branches. Pinch the terminal bud of the extension branch in late August, retaining 8-10 functional leaves to promote nutrient return.
Comprehensive Pest and Disease Control
Bio-physical Control
Hang 60 yellow sticky traps per hectare to control aphids, and install solar insect killer lights with a spacing of 80m. Spray 5 degrees of lime sulfur mixture in early spring, and after flowering, switch to 25% dimilin suspension liquid (1500 times) to control leafrollers.
Disease Management Plan
For powdery mildew, spray 15% triazole酮 wettable powder (800 times) in the early stage, and for brown spot, use 70% methyl thiophanate (1000 times). After harvesting, promptly clear the diseased and residual bodies, and paint the tree trunks white in winter to prevent frostbite and ulcer disease.
Cultivating high-quality snake fruit requires the construction of a协同 management system for temperature, light, water, and fertilizer. It is recommended that large-scale plantations use IoT environmental monitoring equipment. The orchard site should meet the conditions of an altitude of 800-1200 meters and a gentle sunny slope with a gradient less than 15 degrees. Combined with growing grass cultivation techniques, it can increase the soil organic matter content by 0.3%/year. Commercial planting needs to establish a post-harvest pre-cooling treatment system to ensure that the fruit sugar content remains stable at 14% or above.