What kind of rootstock to use for grafting Malus spectabilis
Malus spectabilis, as a traditional famous flower in China, its grafting technology directly affects the plant's resistance and ornamental value. Choosing the right rootstock is the first key step to successful grafting. This article will systematically analyze the optimal rootstock selection and practical operation techniques for grafting Malus spectabilis.
Optimal Rootstock Selection Guide for Malus spectabilis
Seedlings of Malus spectabilis have the advantage of native genes, forming the best physiological affinity with the scion. Data shows that the survival rate of grafted seedling rootstock can reach over 92%, with a well-developed lateral root system that can effectively absorb nutrients from deep soil, especially suitable for cultivating shaped Malus spectabilis.
Crataegus pinnatifida, as a high-quality rootstock of the Rosaceae family, has an extreme cold resistance of -50°C, allowing the grafted Malus spectabilis to safely overwinter. Its deep-rooted characteristics can penetrate 1.5 meters of soil and develop well in a variety of soils with pH 6.0-8.0, especially suitable for application in cold northern regions.
Branch grafting should be carried out before the sap flow in early spring (daily average temperature of 8-12°C), while bud grafting requires operation at the end of summer and early autumn (July to September) when the bark is easy to peel off. Experiments show that the formation speed of callus in autumn bud grafting is 40% faster than in spring.
Select one-year-old sunny branches with a diameter of 0.6-1 cm, retaining 2-3 full buds. Use a double-sided blade to make a 45-degree oblique cut on the scion, with the cut length being three times the diameter of the scion, ensuring maximized contact area of the cambium layer.
Make a T-shaped incision on the rootstock 15 cm from the ground, reaching the xylem. Embed the bud piece and wrap it with elastic film, making sure to leave the bud eye vented. Check the color of the graft bud after 7 days, and maintain a green and moist state indicates survival.
Scientific rootstock selection combined with precise grafting techniques can increase the survival rate of Malus spectabilis grafting to over 95%. Whether it is courtyard landscaping or bonsai making, mastering these core technologies can cultivate high-quality Malus spectabilis with strong resistance and standard flower shapes. It is recommended to maintain soil moisture at 60%-70% in the first 3 weeks after grafting and promptly remove the binding tape after new buds sprout.