How many times does peony bloom in a year and how long is the blooming period
A small knowledge of flower cultivation about how many times peony blooms in a year, the blooming period of peony flowers, and the blooming time of peony flowers, let's learn about it together.
Peony and peony are both traditional famous flowers in our country and are also world-famous flower plants. They are called "the two wonders in flowers" and are well-known and popular at home and abroad. Especially the peony flowers, with large flowers, bright colors, graceful and luxurious, strong branches and leaves, green and juicy, are not only suitable for garden and courtyard greening, but also the branches, leaves and flowers are suitable for potting and indoor appreciation.
The original habitat of peony is China, and it is one of the ancient traditional famous flowers in our country, cultivated all over the country. Peony symbolizes friendship and love, and is respected as "Queen of Flowers" and "Lovers' Flower". Ancient people sent peonies to express thoughts and feelings, and also expressed the feeling of parting. In horticultural applications, peonies can be used to form a special flower garden, layout flower platforms, flower ponds, etc., and can be combined with other flowering shrubs to form beautiful scenery. It is also a valuable flower tree for courtyard decoration, and can be used for potting and cut flowers, planted alone or in groups.
I. Introduction to peony flowers
Peony is a perennial herbaceous plant with thick, fleshy roots and white fine roots. The stems grow from the rhizome, generally 60 cm high, with two-time ternate compound leaves, the small leaves having three deep lobes and entire margins. The plant has a single flower at the tip or top 2-3 leaf axils of the branch, with a peduncle length of 10-15 cm or longer. The sepals of the plant are 5. Flower color has a variety of colors, including white, yellow, pink, purple, green, and mixed colors. There are single petal, semi-double petal, and double petal. The stamens have several, golden yellow in color. There are 5 free carpels, the fruit is a silique, and the seeds are black. The blooming period is from April to May every year, and the fruiting period is generally in September.
II. Peony Flower Varieties
Based on the best flower shape of each peony variety during full bloom, we can divide peony flowers into 9 categories.
1. Single Petal Type
The flower shape characteristics of this type of peony are 1-3 rounds of petals, wide and flat, with normal female and male stamens. Typical varieties include pink velvet莲.
2. Golden Ring Type
This type of peony has 2-3 rounds of outer petals, relatively wide and large, most of the stamens are petalized, and a few are left around the outer petals, showing a golden ring shape. Typical varieties are Taohua系jin.
3. Golden Stamen Type
The petals have 2-3 rounds, large and neat, with normal female and male stamens, and the stamens are golden yellow. Typical varieties include hongjinrui, Baijinrui, Meihongjin, etc.
4. Hosta Type
Outer petals are 2-3 rounds, wide and flat, stamens petalized, and pistils normal. Typical varieties are Shoufu yinxu, Zhusha pan, Liantai, Mejihu, Qihualu shuang.
5. Crown Type
This type of peony has wide and flat outer petals, all stamens petalized, and the petals near the flower center are wider and larger, towering like a crown. Typical varieties include Hongjihua, Pingdinghong, Xuefeng, Yinian xiu hongpao, Mantanghong, etc.
6. Rose Type
This type of peony has a large number of petals, with the outer large and the inner small, layered arrangement, stamens disappear or petalize; pistils are normal, occasionally degenerate. Typical varieties include shaonv zhuang, Yangfei chu yu, etc.
7. Thousand Layer Platform Type
This type of flower is mostly formed by overlapping two or more single flowers of the thousand-layer type. Typical varieties include Zilibai, Hushui dang xia, Lan Tian piaoxiang, Pidiren, Gaogang hong, Zhaoyuan fen.
8. Pagoda Type
This type of flower is mostly formed by overlapping two or more single flowers of the pagoda type. Typical varieties include Dafugui.
9.绣球 Type
The characteristic of this type of flower is that the outer petals and stamens are petalized, the petals are the same in size and shape, the whole flower is full, and it looks like a绣球. Typical varieties include hongchahua.
III. Peony Flower Propagation Techniques
The propagation methods of peony flowers include division, cutting, and播种繁殖, usually division propagation is the main method.
1. Division Propagation
Peony division propagation is generally carried out from late August to late September every year. During this period, the ground temperature is higher than the air temperature, which is not conducive to wound healing and new root germination. If the division is too early, it may germinate in the same year, affecting the growth and development of the following year; but if the division is too late, new roots will not germinate, reducing the plant's ability to overwinter. If division is carried out in spring, it will seriously damage the root system of the plant, which is extremely unfavorable for subsequent flowering. When dividing, each plant must have 2-5 buds, cut along the natural texture, and apply wood ash or sulfur powder to the wound, or mix sulfur powder and superphosphate slurry, then place it in a shady place to slightly dry and wait for transplanting. Peony plants propagated by division can bloom normally in the following year.
2. Cutting Propagation
The cutting propagation coefficient is higher than that of division, but it takes longer for the new plant to reach the flowering stage, generally 4-5 years. The root cutting season is the same as the division. We need to cut the roots into 5-8 cm long sections and then plant them in the nursery, cover them with 5-6 cm of soil, water thoroughly, and they can germinate new plants the following year. For stem cutting, it should be done 2 weeks before flowering in spring when the new branches are mature. We should cut the full part of the middle of the branch. Each segment has 2 buds, sand-stored in a sand bed, shaded and moist, after about 1-1.5 months, new roots can form and dormant buds, which can germinate in the following spring and be transplanted in the nursery or planted in the flower bed.
3. Seed Propagation
This method is often used to cultivate new varieties. The seeds are usually mature in August each year and need to be collected and sown immediately, or dried with wet sand and stored for sowing from mid-to-late September. Peony seeds are dormant type of upper embryonic axis, which can break dormancy after more than 30 days at 4 degrees Celsius. We usually use trench sowing, cover 6-8 cm of soil, generally only roots but no seedlings in the year, after overwintering, seedlings in April of the following year, the suitable temperature for seedlings is 15-19 degrees.
How many times does peony bloom in a year and how long is the blooming period
IV. Peony Potting Care Skills
1. Potting Matrix Selection
Since the root system of peony plants is relatively developed and cannot be bent, it is better to use deeper and larger pots, generally choosing pots with a diameter of 25 cm and a depth of 30 cm, such as ceramic pots,陶盆 or plastic pots. The cultivation matrix is similar to that of peony, requiring loose, fertile, permeable, and breathable matrix. Two formulas provided by agricultural doctors: ① Mix sieved furnace slag, garden soil, and decomposed sawdust in a ratio of 1:1:1; ② Mix sieved furnace slag and disinfected decomposed leaves in a ratio of 1:1.
2. Potting
The timing of potting peonies mainly depends on the required blooming time. According to my experience, different peony varieties require different accumulated temperatures for flowering. In the north, generally use greenhouse forced flowering, which requires about 55-60 days to meet the needs of growth, development, and flowering. Therefore, when determining the required flowering time, we generally need to pot and force flowering 55-60 days in advance.
3. Remove Side Buds
In addition to the main bud at the top of the peony stem, most varieties have 3-5 side buds in the upper leaf axils of the stem. We should remove them in time to fully reduce unnecessary nutrient consumption.
4. Pest and Disease Control
In the process of peony growth, the plants are easily affected by powdery mildew, black spot, white绢病, rust, and pests such as grubs, aphids, and red spiders. We must pay attention to strengthening prevention and control.
Powdery Mildew: This is the most common and important disease in peony cultivation. We need to pay attention to cutting off diseased branches and buds, if diseased leaves are found, they should be removed in time, strengthen daily management, apply less nitrogen fertilizer during the onset period, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, effectively improve the plant's resistance to diseases. For potted peonies, we should pay attention to ventilation and lighting, and avoid water accumulation, which can effectively reduce the incidence. At the beginning of the disease, we can spray 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid or 20% triazole ketone emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid, 25%敌力脱 emulsion 3500-4000 times liquid; it is best to use the medicine alternately for better control effect.
Black Spot: At the beginning of the disease, we can spray 65% zineb wettable powder 500-800 times liquid, which has a certain effect. Spray Bordeaux liquid every 7-10 days before and after flowering, until autumn, to prevent and control, which can reduce the symptoms of the disease. In addition, we need to incinerate the withered branches and diseased branches and disinfect the soil with 1:100 formalin solution.
White绢病: For peony white绢病, we first need to change or disinfect the soil. At the beginning of the disease, cut off the diseased plants in time, incinerate them, and pour lime water on the soil around the diseased plants. Before the disease occurs, we can regularly spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-800 times liquid or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500-1000 times liquid.
Rust: For rust, we need to regularly spray 65% zineb wettable powder 300-500 times liquid or lime sulfur mixture, once every 10-15 days, continuously for 3-4 times, which can achieve a certain effect.
Grubs: In early spring, we can use 1% dichlorvos liquid or furan dan to disinfect the soil. In addition, we need to deeply turn the land to let the overwintering eggs freeze to death.
Aphids: We need to clear away winter weeds, and when harmful, spray 40% lorox emulsion 3000-4000 times liquid.
Red Spider: We can spray wettable powder 1000 times liquid or 40% trichlorfon emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid; in summer, we can spray波美度 lime sulfur mixture, spray again 6-7 days after spraying, and promptly spray water to clean the leaves.
V. Peony Flower Forcing Techniques
1. Temperature Management
In the process of forcing peony flowers, one of the major technical difficulties is temperature control. If the temperature can be controlled well, the growth of branches and leaves and buds can be coordinated to control the flowering period. Different varieties of peonies require different temperatures at different stages of growth and development, and different peony varieties also require different temperatures at the same stage of growth and development. Based on this, how to control and adjust the temperature to meet the requirements of various varieties at different stages of development is the key point of forcing peony flowers. During the forcing process, there should be a certain temperature difference between day and night, but the temperature change should not be too sharp, otherwise it will cause poor growth of peonies or even direct abortion, unable to bloom.
2. Light Management
Peony is a typical long-day plant. In the short-day season of winter, the plant differentiates flower buds, and in the long-day season of spring, the flowers bloom. The development of flower buds and flowering of the plant require long-day conditions. If the day is too short, it often leads to slow development of flower buds, accelerated leaf growth, and poor flowering, or even no flowering. The duration of sunlight must reach 12 hours or more. Peony prefers light, and sufficient sunlight makes the growth more vigorous and the flower color more beautiful. For indoor potted plants, artificial lighting is very necessary for peony flowering, ensuring that the daily sunlight time can reach 14 hours. On cloudy and snowy days, it is also necessary to supplement light according to needs.