Chrysanthemum Planting Methods and Management
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Chrysanthemum Cultivation and Management Techniques
Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Compositae family. It is not only suitable for ornamental purposes but can also be used as medicine, with effects such as dispelling wind and heat, clearing liver and improving eyesight, and anti-inflammatory and detoxifying. Regular consumption of chrysanthemum tea can help regulate cardiac function and lower cholesterol. Planting chrysanthemum on a certain area can yield considerable economic benefits.
1 Requirements for Growing Environment
Chrysanthemum prefers a warm climate and a sunny environment, can tolerate cold but not drought. Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant and can bloom early under short-day conditions. Chrysanthemum germinates in spring, grows vegetatively in summer, blooms in autumn, and overwinters underground in winter. The suitable growth temperature is between 18℃ to 21℃, with a maximum of 32℃ and a minimum of 10℃.
2 Cultivation Techniques
2.1 Land selection and preparation. Chrysanthemum is not very picky about soil, but waterlogged, salinity-heavy land is not suitable for planting. After selecting the land, it needs to be carefully prepared to ensure a good harvest. First, deeply turn the soil 20 to 25 cm, and apply 2,000 to 2,500 kg of compost or decomposed manure per mu as a base fertilizer during the preparation. Then level and rake the soil, create high ridges 120 to 130 cm wide, and ensure good drainage around the plot.
2.2 Propagation Methods
2.2.1 Division propagation. After harvesting chrysanthemum in November, cut the stems and dig out the roots to plant in the field, apply soil manure, and keep warm for overwintering. In the second year, water with dung before the seedlings sprout in spring. When the seedlings grow to about 15 cm around Guyu (Grain Rain), divide the seedlings into several plants and plant them immediately, watering to settle the roots. The general transplanting time should not be later than mid-May.
2.2.2 Cutting propagation. Perform cuttings from April to May or from June to August. Cut the branches in the middle, retain the upper half, cut into segments 20 cm long, each segment should retain one leaf bud, the top part should retain the top bud, then treat with plant hormones, and proceed with cutting, spacing 6 to 7 cm apart, press firmly and water sufficiently. After 20 days of root growth, water with dung once after the survival.
2.3 Field Management
2.3.1 Cultivation and weeding. Generally, 4 to 5 times of weeding are carried out before the chrysanthemum buds appear. It should be shallow rather than deep, generally, cultivate once every 2 months, and hill up soil to prevent lodging.
2.3.2 Topdressing. Chrysanthemum enjoys fertilizer, in addition to base fertilizer, topdressing is also required during the growing period, generally 3 times. The first time is after transplanting and revegetation, applying 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu to promote seedling growth; the second time is when the plant branches out; the third time is during the budding period, with the amount of fertilizer not too large, the same as the first time.
2.3.3 Bud removal. Bud removal of chrysanthemum can increase its yield. In late May, when the seedlings are 25 cm tall, select a sunny day to remove 1 to 2 cm of the top center, then pinch the top every half a month, stopping after mid-to-late July. Otherwise, too many branches will lead to poor nutrition, which will affect the yield and quality of chrysanthemum.
2.4 Disease and Pest Control
2.4.1 Root Rot. Root rot appears as dry rot or tangled hemp-like, the leaves turn yellow and wither, mostly occurring before and after flowering. Control methods: Proper watering, drainage in waterlogging, and loosening the soil.
2.4.2 Leaf Spot. Initially, the plant leaves show yellow and dark brown circular or oval spots of varying sizes, followed by small black spots in the center of the lesions, the base leaves turn yellow and dry, and gradually the upper leaves and flower buds become infected. Control methods: Avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, ensure good drainage and ventilation, and remove diseased leaves promptly. You can use 80% wettable zinc omethane 500 times liquid or 1% Bordeaux mixture for prevention, spraying 2 to 3 times a month before the disease, and 7 days after the onset of the disease.
2.4.3 Downy Mildew. Caused by a flagellate fungus. It mainly affects the leaves, and when the air is humid, a frost-like mildew layer can form on the back of the leaves, sometimes spreading to the front of the leaves. In severe cases, all outer leaves can turn yellow and die. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, you can spray 60%灭克 wettable powder 800 to 1000 times liquid and 65% wettable zinc omethane powder 500 times liquid. Timely drainage during the rainy season. Avoid continuous cropping, and implement a 3-year or more rotation with cereal crops.
3 Harvesting and Processing
Generally, harvesting is done from Frost's Descent to the Beginning of Winter. White chrysanthemums (including Mo Chrysanthemum, Huai Chrysanthemum, Sichuan Chrysanthemum) are bent down, tied into small bundles, hung upside down to dry in the shade, then cut off the capitulum, sorted, packed, and marketed.
The above () introduces the full content of chrysanthemum planting methods and management and a brief description of chrysanthemum cultivation techniques, hoping to help chrysanthemum enthusiasts!