Management of Chinese Roses in the Northern Region
Abstract: Experiences in raising Chinese roses at home, management of Chinese roses in the northern region, very useful tips, recommended for collection!
Chinese roses belong to the Rosaceae family, Rosaceae plants, also known as Changchun flowers, monthly red, evergreen or semi-evergreen shrubs, vines. Chinese roses have a graceful posture, bright colors, strong fragrance, long blooming period, wide adaptability, and high ornamental value. They are increasingly used in landscaping to match colors and adjust layouts. In production management, it is required that the plants not only grow strong and have evenly plump flower buds but also bloom continuously, and the blooming period should be controlled during special times. The main management techniques are introduced as follows:
Pruning
1. Pruning during the growing season mainly focuses on summer. After Chinese roses bloom, the branches below the third compound leaves under the flowers should be cut off promptly to promote the growth of strong new branches and early flowering. Weak and short branches should be pruned first, while strong branches should be pruned later to promote the weak and suppress the strong, ensuring uniform flowering. The pruning length of long branches should not exceed half of the branch length to avoid the late germination of axillary buds. Moreover, the number of flowers should be determined based on the plant's strength, and it's not advisable to keep too many flowers per batch, as it would scatter nutrients, resulting in small flowers and affecting the next batch. Therefore, strong buds should be kept after germination, and the weak buds below should be removed. After the buds appear, the top large bud should be selected, and the flower buds in the leaf axils should be removed.
Chinese roses for the National Day market can be pruned 45 days before flowering, leaving 3-4 flowers on the main branches, and each branch will later sprout 2 small branches. After pruning, strengthen fertilization and watering management, and the flowers will bloom successively in late September.
2. Dormant season pruning is a very important measure in management. Whether the maintenance is in place directly affects the normal growth and flowering of the following year. Pruning can be done from after dormancy to before germination. In the northern region, where winters are relatively cold, pruning is often done in the following spring before germination to prevent branches from freezing. First, prune dead branches, diseased branches, crossed branches, and overlapping branches, then depending on the plant's growth, use three different pruning methods: strong, medium, and weak. For weak plants that are not strong enough, strong pruning should be done, removing 2/3 of the entire plant, leaving only 3-4 main branches 1-3 years old, with a base of about 20 cm to concentrate nutrients. When pruning, the cut should be sharp and smooth, not撕裂 the upper cut. Generally, the cut is made 1-1.2 cm above the bud, retaining the outer bud to promote ventilation and a good plant shape. Attention should be paid to retain buds facing outward to reduce the chance of branch crossing.
For Chinese roses surrounded by other green hedges in绿化带, the pruning height of the roses should be determined by the height of the surrounding hedges, which can be appropriately raised to ensure that the roses are higher than the surrounding hedges after flowering, usually about 30-40 cm, to achieve a layered visual effect.
Fertilization
1. Winter base fertilizer should be applied from after the leaves fall in winter to before germination in the following spring, applying sufficient organic fertilizer, with the application range around the crown periphery and a depth of 20-30 cm.
2. Top-dressing during the growing season Chinese roses should be top-dressed during the leaf expansion period, after full bloom, and at the beginning of August. Fertilizers should be fast-acting nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. During leaf expansion, new roots grow extensively, and fertilization should be minimal and not too concentrated to avoid affecting new root growth. Top-dressing at the end of August should have less nitrogen and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to prevent frost damage to the autumn shoots. Top-dressing should be determined based on the size of the plant and its growth, with a general application of 100-150g per plant.
Disease and Pest Control
The main diseases of Chinese roses are powdery mildew and leaf spot, while the main pests are aphids and longicorn beetles. July and August are the high-incidence periods for diseases. Powdery mildew can be controlled by spraying 70% methyl thiophanate or rust宁600 times liquid, and leaf spot can be controlled by spraying 百菌清 or carbendazim 600-1000 times liquid, once every 7-10 days, with 2-3 applications for better results. Aphids can be controlled by spraying 40% oxidized loraine emulsion or pymetrozine 1000 times liquid. The key to controlling longicorn beetles is to promptly cut off the branches damaged by longicorn beetle larvae from mid-June to July or inject 80%敌敌畏 emulsion 5-10 times liquid into the虫孔 and then seal the hole with mud to kill the larvae.
Loosening Soil and Weeding
After heavy rain or watering, use a hoe to loosen the surface soil and remove weeds to enhance soil aeration and promote normal root growth.
The above small experiences on the management of Chinese roses in the northern region are hoped to bring you help in your life!