How to Cultivate Leek
Do you know these? Here are some small experiences in green plant maintenance about how to cultivate leeks and understand the high-yield cultivation elements. Next, the editor will introduce them.
Leeks are one of the most commonly consumed vegetables in our daily lives. In order to help leek farmers create higher production benefits, it is important for our farmers to pay attention to leek cultivation techniques and the prevention and control of diseases and pests.
In this regard, Xiao Gu shares his own experience in leek cultivation techniques and the prevention and control of diseases and pests, hoping to help fellow farmers in need.
Selection of Land and Sowing
(1) Land: Choose fertile sandy loam or loamy land that has not been planted with onions or garlic in the past two years for leek seeding.
(2) Sowing: Sow when the ground temperature stabilizes at 12 degrees. Generally, from late March to late May is suitable for sowing. Use dry seeds for direct sowing, open a shallow furrow 1.5 cm deep at a row spacing of 10-20 cm, evenly sprinkle the seeds in the furrow, then level the ridge surface and press after covering the seeds.
Leek Planting Time
Leeks are generally sown in early March of the lunar calendar and transplanted before the Mid-Autumn Festival. The transplanting should be sparse. The base fertilizer in the leek field should be sufficient, the soil should be loose and fine, the ridge width should be about five feet, the ridge width one foot, and the ridge depth about seven to eight inches, and the field should be well-drained.
Before sowing, soak willow leaves in water, add a little kerosene, water the field once to drive out the ants, and clean them up; if there are cutworms, water the field with a chemical solution.
The favorite fertilizers for leeks are chicken and duck manure, livestock manure, household ash, or cake fertilizer. When using cake fertilizer, first ferment the rapeseed cake, dilute it with water, and then sprinkle it. The best time to apply fertilizer is in the evening.
Planting Time and Method
(1) Planting Time
Remove the leek seedlings, trim the fibrous roots to leave 2 cm, and trim the leaf tips to leave 10 cm of leaf length. Plant the seedlings in the ridges at the row spacing, suitable for green leeks.
Open furrows at the row spacing, plant seedlings in each hole, suitable for producing softened leeks, with the planting depth buried to cover the tillering joints.
(2) Sowing Method
Before sowing, remove some surface soil from the ridges and sieve it for covering the seeds, then shallowly hoe and level the surface, water the field once, and water again after the water has渗透. After the water has渗透, evenly sprinkle the seeds, then cover with 1.5 cm of soil, and the next day, level with a rake to keep the surface soil loose and moist, which is conducive to seed germination.
After sowing, cover with plastic film to retain moisture. When more than 30% of the seeds have germinated, promptly remove the film to prevent scorching. If there are white倒状 seedlings, add some moist soil.
The dry sowing method uses dry seeds without germination and direct sowing in the seedbed. On the prepared seedbed, open shallow furrows at the row spacing, sprinkle the seeds into the furrows, then gently level and press the furrows with a broom, and water once, then water again after 2 days. Keep the soil moist before and after the seeds emerge.
Field Management
After the leeks turn green, remove the withered leaves and weeds from the above-ground parts as soon as possible, level the ridge surface,整理 the ridge embankments, so that the base of the plants can better receive sunlight, increase soil temperature, and promote germination. When the soil thaws and new buds appear, you can追施 a thin solution of manure to promote the growth of tender buds.
Three days later, hoe the soil once to increase soil temperature, promote seedling growth, and prevent weeds. When the seedlings are about 15 cm tall, water once to improve the quality of spring leeks, and then harvest.
(1) Watering
The timing and amount of watering depend on the weather and soil moisture conditions at the time. When the soil moisture is good, you can water after harvesting the first batch. After each harvest, hoe the soil, level the ridge surface, and gradually apply soil as the plants grow. In addition to applying base fertilizer, leeks also need "fertilizing after each harvest," that is, apply fertilizer 1-2 times after each harvest.
Fertilization should be done 4 days after harvesting, waiting for the harvested wounds to heal and new leaves to grow before applying. Applying fertilizer immediately after harvesting can easily cause fertilizer damage. Fertilization should focus on fast-acting nitrogenous fertilizers and human manure urine, which can be applied with water or in furrows. The dung water must be fully decomposed to prevent maggot damage.
How to Cultivate Leek
For plants over 3 years old, special management such as root pruning and soil application is required. Root pruning is done before the leeks sprout in early spring. When the soil is thawed around the time of Jingzhe, dig the soil around the roots with an iron rod, about 6 cm deep and wide.
Remove the soil between the plants in each cluster, reaching the roots, expose the rootstocks, remove the dead and weak tillers, and spread the excavated soil in the rows to dry in the sun, then gather the rootstocks and fill in fine soil.
(2) Soil Application
Soil application should be done in early spring when the soil is thawed and before new buds sprout; the thickness of the soil application depends on the height of the roots, generally applying 4 cm of soil each year. The fine soil should be fertile with good physical properties, sieved, and stacked in a sunny place to warm before use.
(3) Fertilization and Watering
After planting, when new roots and leaves appear, you can apply fertilizer and water. Apply urea per mu with water. When the seedlings are at the 4-leaf stage, control watering to prevent excessive growth and strengthen hoeing and weeding. When the seedlings reach the 6-leaf stage and start to tiller, the tillering rootstocks are above the original rootstocks, and at this time, you can cover with sand, press soil, or build ridges to apply soil to prevent the roots from being exposed to the soil.
When the seedlings are 20 cm tall, stop fertilizing and watering to prepare for harvesting. After each harvest, apply fertilizer once, and when the plant height grows to 10 cm after harvesting, combine soil application with the application of fast-acting nitrogenous fertilizers, applying 8 kg of urea per mu. When the weather cools down, stop watering and water once before freezing.
Pest Control of Leeks
According to the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive control," agricultural control generally involves strengthening hoeing and weeding, cleaning the field, and strengthening measures for fertilization and water management to improve the plant's resistance to adversity.
For the control of leek maggots, apply chemical agents to the roots during spring irrigation. In April and May, when the damage is severe, mix the chemicals with fragrant wheat bran or soybean cake and sprinkle it in the field or dig a bowl-sized pit every 4 meters, put the bait in it, cover it with soil, and dig a row every 2 meters for trapping.
Irrigation is generally carried out during the early period of severe larval damage, in early April in spring and in early October in late autumn. To apply the chemicals, dig the surface soil near the rootstocks of the leeks, and spray the roots with a sprayer without a nozzle, then cover the soil immediately after spraying.
The above is all the content about how to cultivate leeks and understand the high-yield cultivation elements from [www.lvzhimi.com], for your comprehensive understanding and reference!