How to Plant Peanuts
Are you familiar with this? Here are some details on how to plant peanuts and the related aspects of growing high-yield peanuts, including fertilization and planting methods. Let's introduce them to netizens.
Also known as the longevity nut or groundnut, peanuts are a very common type of nut in people's lives today. Peanuts have a wide range of uses, from making soap, extracting oil, to cooking, and are loved by many. Peanuts can delay aging, stop bleeding, and improve memory, making them a healthful food. Peanuts are widely cultivated, so how to plant high-yield peanuts and how to fertilize them? Let's take a closer look below.
One, Pre-planting Preparation
1. Land Selection
Choose loose, fertile acidic soil with a deep active layer. Additionally, the soil should be rich in nutrients, with organic matter content in the plow layer reaching 10 grams per kilogram, available phosphorus content reaching 25 milligrams per kilogram, total nitrogen content reaching 0.5 grams per kilogram, and available potassium content reaching 30 milligrams per kilogram. Also, the soil pH should be maintained between 6 and 7. It is also important to avoid continuous cropping, that is, to choose land that has not been planted with peanuts for more than three years.
2. Soil Preparation
Peanut seeds are relatively large, which means they require more oxygen and moisture to germinate and grow. Therefore, during the soil preparation before planting, make sure the soil is loose without clumps, with moderate moisture and good drainage.
3. Seed Selection
Choose high-yield varieties with good overall performance, such as large peanut varieties like Huayu 19, Huayu 21, Huayu 22, and Huayu 24.
4. Seed Treatment
Select seeds again, choosing plump double-seeded fruits, discarding broken, diseased, and moldy seeds. Then grade the seeds, dividing them into three sizes from largest to smallest, and only use seeds from the first two grades. After selection, dry the seeds to enhance enzyme activity and kill bacteria. After hulling, conduct a germination test and select good seeds for chemical seed dressing to improve resistance to pests and diseases or drought resistance, and to supplement nutritional elements or enhance seed vitality.
Two, Timely Planting
Peanuts are native to the tropics and thrive in high temperatures, requiring higher temperatures for the growth process from germination to pod formation. They flower best at 23°C to 28°C, with a minimum temperature not below 19°C, and pod formation is best at 25°C to 30°C, with a minimum temperature not below 15°C. Therefore, when choosing the planting time, consider the growth period and temperature range of the plant.
Three, Planting Techniques
1. Planting Method
Depending on the cultivation method, it can be divided into open-field planting and film-covered planting. For convenience, the former can be chosen. The specific method is to use the hill planting method with a spacing of 20cmx40cm, make holes after determining the row spacing, place 3 to 4 seeds in each hole, and then cover them with a thin layer of soil.
2. Planting Depth
For open-field cultivation, the planting depth range is 3cm to 7cm, with 5cm being the best. If the soil is moist, it should not be buried too shallow; if it's dry, it should not be buried too deep; if the soil is heavy, it should not be buried too deep, and if it's loose, it can be buried deeper.
3. Post-planting Pressing
Pressing after planting can prevent drought and dryness, promoting seed germination.
Four, Fertilization Techniques
1. Combination of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers
Combining organic and chemical fertilizers can effectively improve soil fertility, improve soil structure, and provide abundant nutrients for plants. You can use chemical fertilizers combined with three times the amount of fulvic acid organic fertilizer for base application, which can effectively increase peanut yield.
2. Combining Previous and Current Crop Fertilization
Based on the fertilization of the previous crop, appropriately increase fertilizer for the current peanut crop to enhance soil fertility and protect the land.
3. Base Fertilization as Main, Top-dressing as Auxiliary
The flowering and pegging stage is the period when peanuts require the most fertilizer. Therefore, the fertilizers needed for high-yield peanuts should be applied entirely or mostly as base fertilizers during winter plowing or early spring cultivation. If the base fertilizer is insufficient and no seed fertilizer has been applied, top-dressing can be done, but it should be done early, preferably before the flowering and pegging stage.
4. Fertilization Ratio for Peanut Crops
High-yield peanuts require nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, but their absorption rates are different. Fertilizers can be applied at a ratio of 13.5 kilograms of nitrogen, 11 kilograms of phosphorus, and 16 kilograms of potassium per mu.
The above sharing on how to plant peanuts and detailed explanation of high-yield peanut fertilization and planting methods are for reference only!