How to cultivate Asarum sieboldii
This article provides an overview of topics related to the cultivation of Asarum sieboldii and its cultivation techniques, such as how to grow Asarum sieboldii and key points for its cultivation. Corrections are welcome if there are any inaccuracies!
Seed propagation is suitable in spring and autumn. Before sowing, the soil and seeds must undergo strict disinfection to prevent diseases and pests during the growing period. The soil should be disinfected with 70% methylthiophanate, and soil insects should be eliminated with 90% diazinon. Seeds can be sown immediately after collection or stored for spring and autumn sowing. To improve seed germination rates and reduce the trouble of seed storage, seeds can be directly sown after being dried in the shade. Before sowing, seeds can be soaked in a 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes for disinfection. After the seeds absorb water and expand, they can be taken out and dried in a bamboo basket before sowing. After sowing, field management should be strengthened, keeping the soil moist and the temperature around 20°C to 25°C. Seedlings will emerge in about 15 to 20 days. When seedlings have 2 to 4 leaves, weeds should be removed in time, and thinning and fertilizing should be combined. Fertilize with a dilute solution of 3% to 5% human manure urine and 1% to 2% decomposed cake fertilizer every 7 to 10 days. Later, apply 0.5% to 0.8% compound fertilizer around the seedling roots, making sure the solution does not get on the leaves. After fertilizing, water the leaves to prevent leaf burn. When seedlings have 4 to 6 leaves, they can be transplanted into pots.
Division Asarum sieboldii has a strong tillering ability and grows rapidly. The tillering propagation method is easy to cultivate plants. Tillering propagation is generally performed in late spring and early summer, usually when changing pots. During the operation, the large cluster of Asarum sieboldii is turned out of the pot, then divided into small clusters, each with 3 to 5 stems, including 1 to 2 new buds. After dividing, plant the small clusters with the underground stem and roots in pots. To improve the survival rate of the divided plants, cut off the lower leaves of the stem, cut the rhizome into sections 8 to 10 cm long to reduce transpiration, or soak in a 50% carbendazim solution (500 times) for 10 minutes before potting. In addition, the new plants should be placed in a shaded area for management and watered sufficiently. When the new buds grow to 10 cm, move them to a sunny place for care.
Potting Management
When Asarum sieboldii seedlings have 4 to 6 leaves, they can be transplanted into pots. If potting is too late, the seedlings will become weak, affecting future growth and development. Asarum sieboldii prefers light and should be planted in well-lit, moist, fertile, and water-retaining loamy soil. Technical tasks such as watering, fertilizing, lighting, temperature, and pruning should be done according to its growth characteristics.
Watering prefers a moist environment. Due to large leaves and high transpiration, the soil should be watered sufficiently during the growing period to keep it moist but not dry. When the potting soil dries, the leaves curl, the plant becomes weak and wilted, and the tillering will also decrease, even causing leaf scorching. However, it should not be too wet, as overly wet soil will cause leaf wilting, yellowing, and even root rot. In winter, water should be reduced, keeping the potting soil slightly moist.
Fertilizing Asarum sieboldii is very tolerant to fertilizer. During the seedling stage, apply nitrogen fertilizer every 7 to 10 days, and during the growing season, apply a compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium once a month. Before the leaves grow in spring, apply a nitrogen-rich liquid fertilizer to promote the growth of more new leaves. Around the beginning of summer, switch to phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote flowering. In autumn, stop applying nitrogen fertilizer and apply 2 to 3 times of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve cold resistance. Stop fertilizing in winter.
Temperature Asarum sieboldii prefers a high-temperature climate, with the most suitable growth temperature being 22°C to 28°C. It is not cold-resistant, and the safe overwintering temperature is 5°C. Below 4°C, the plant stops growing, the leaves turn yellow, and gradually wither. Cut off the above-ground parts in time and dig out the underground rhizome to store in indoor sand, keeping the room temperature around 10°C. If the temperature drops below 0°C, the rhizome will freeze and rot. The rhizome stored in sand can be planted again in the following spring.
Light Asarum sieboldii is sensitive to light. Bright light makes the leaf color more striking. Although it can tolerate semi-shade, long-term shading will cause the golden stripes on the leaves to become blurred, the green part to increase, and even leaf yellowing, with reduced tillering and sparse, weak stems and leaves. It is also not tolerant to strong sunlight. Excessive sunlight causes leaf curling, burning edges, yellowing, and loss of luster. shading should be done from June to September.
Humidity Asarum sieboldii prefers an environment with higher relative humidity. Excessive dryness leads to poor growth and dull leaf color, and can cause leaf tip burning. Therefore, it is necessary to frequently spray water on the leaves during the growing season, especially in summer, to increase air humidity, keeping the relative humidity of the growing environment at 60% to 75%, making the golden stripes on the leaves more vibrant.
Pruning When there is insufficient water, excessive sunlight, or excessive dryness, the leaves may show burning tips. After occurrence, cut off the burnt part of the leaves according to their shape. Since the stems are fragile and the leaves are large, moving the plant or activities around the plant can easily cause stem and leaf damage. If this happens, cut off the injured stems and leaves in time. Remove dense leaves at any time to improve ventilation and lighting conditions.
Repotting Every 1 to 2 years in spring, repot once, cutting off old stems and roots. Asarum sieboldii prefers loose, fertile, well-drained, and moisture-retaining sandy loam soil. The matrix can be prepared with garden soil, wood糠, and decomposed chicken manure in a ratio of 6:4:1.
Asarum sieboldii Anthracnose
Disease and Pest Control
Diseases The diseases of Asarum sieboldii include brown spot, leaf spot, bacterial wilt, bacterial spot, leaf blight, mosaic disease, anthracnose, and heart rot.
① Brown spot. Brown spot can occur from spring to autumn, with severe outbreaks in rainy autumn. High temperature and humidity, and dense planting are conducive to disease occurrence. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, spray with a 75% wettable powder of chlorothalonil 800 to 1000 times, or a 50% wettable powder of benomyl 800 to 1000 times, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times.
② Leaf spot. Leaf spot caused by pathogen invasion can cause local necrosis of leaves, appearing as yellow spots or patches, and severe cases can lead to yellowing and leaf drop. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, spray with a 50% wettable powder of carbendazim 600 to 800 times, 65% wettable powder of zinc omadine 600 to 800 times, 70% wettable powder of mancozeb 600 times, 50% wettable powder of captan 500 to 600 times, or 70% wettable powder of thiophanate-methyl 800 to 1000 times, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times. Alternate the use of pesticides to prevent plant resistance.
③ Bacterial wilt. Bacterial wilt can occur throughout the growing period, with more severe outbreaks in the hot and rainy season from June to September. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, spray with 0.5% Bordeaux mixture or 100mg/L of agricultural streptomycin, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times.
④ Bacterial spot. Bacterial spot occurs on leaves and can be seen throughout the year, with more severe outbreaks from June to October, affecting photosynthesis. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, spray with 0.5% Bordeaux mixture or 100mg/L of agricultural streptomycin, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times.
⑤ Leaf blight. This disease occurs on leaves, usually starting from the leaf margin and tip, with irregular-shaped lesions turning red-brown to gray-brown, merging into large blighted spots, covering 1/3 to 1/2 of the leaf area, with distinct boundaries between healthy and diseased tissue. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, spray with a 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture, 50% thiophanate-methyl 500 to 800 times, 50% wettable powder of carbendazim 800 times, or 40% suspension concentrate 600 to 800 times, 50% benlate 1000 to 1200 times, or 65% wettable powder of zinc omadine 500 times, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times, alternating the use of pesticides to prevent plant resistance.
⑥ Mosaic disease. The initial symptoms on leaves are chlorotic spots or mosaic patterns, which can cause leaf deformation, curling, yellowing, and even wilting, with stunted plant growth. The disease is transmitted by aphids. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, use insecticides to control aphids and reduce the transmission of the disease. Spray with 40% omethoate 800 to 1000 times, or 50% malathion, 70% propargite each 800 times, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times.
⑦ Anthracnose. The disease usually occurs at the leaf tip or margin and can spread to the petiole in severe cases. Control methods: Before the disease occurs, spray with a 1% Bordeaux mixture. After the disease occurs, spray with a 75% wettable powder of chlorothalonil 800 times, or 65% wettable powder of zinc omadine 600 to 800 times. Or use a 50% wettable powder of carbendazim 800 times, 70% wettable powder of thiophanate-methyl 800 times, or 80% wettable powder of carbendazol 800 times, every 7 to 10 days for 4 to 5 times.
⑧ Heart rot. Asarum sieboldii heart rot mainly affects the youngest leaves and heart leaves in the center of the canopy, causing rot of the base of the young heart leaves. The heart leaves can be easily pulled out, and the base of the growing point or the entire heart part has a mushy secretion with a foul odor, and white moldy growth can be seen on the diseased tissue. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, spray with 70% benomyl 800 to 1000 times, or 40% fosetyl-aluminum powder 400 times, every 7 to 10 days for 4 to 5 times.
Pest control Pests include scale insects, snails, sticky heart insects, and leaf rollers.
① Scale insects. Scale insects use their刺吸式 mouthparts to absorb plant sap, damaging plant tissue, causing tissue discoloration and death. Some species also excrete honeydew, causing black mold disease, and some are important vectors of viral diseases. When scale insects are abundant, they are densely covered on branches and leaves, with scales and wax secretions covering the surface of branches and leaves, severely affecting plant respiration and photosynthesis. Most species damage the above-ground parts of plants such as branches, leaves, petioles, fruits, and fruit peduncles, while a few damage underground parts such as roots, tubers, and tuberous roots. Although there are many species of scale insects, the basic control techniques are similar. Control methods: When pest infestation is detected, spray with Supona 800 to 1000 times or 40% omethoate emulsion 800 times, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times.
② Snails. Snails feed on the leaves and petioles of flowers, and their secretion can contaminate seedlings, causing rot and death of leaves and seedlings, creating difficulties for urban greening. Control methods: It is best to sprinkle 8% Metarex powder on the ground where pots are placed to completely eliminate snails, or spray and water with tea seed cake solution, or spray with 40% omethoate emulsion and 80% dichlorvos 800 times, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times.
③ Sticky heart insects. They bore into stems, feeding inside, causing stem breakage and upper death. Sticky heart insects usually have one generation per year, with severe damage from May to June, overwintering as pupae in stems, and are a significant pest. Control methods: In May, after overwintering, spray with 50% fenvalerate emulsion 800 to 1000 times, or dichlorvos emulsion 800 to 1000 times, or 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 to 1200 times, or 20% cypermethrin emulsion 500 to 800 times, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times.
④ Leaf rollers. They often occur in summer and autumn, rolling several new leaves into a nest and hiding larvae inside to feed on leaves. Control methods: Spray with 90% diazinon crystal 800 times, or 40% dimethoate emulsion 800 times, every 7 to 10 days for 3 to 5 times.
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