What is the best rootstock for camellia grafting?
As a traditional horticultural technique, Camellia grafting can not only retain excellent variety characteristics but also enhance stress resistance. Mastering rootstock selection and scientific grafting methods is the key to cultivating high-quality camellia. This paper systematically analyzes the key points of the whole grafting process from a practical perspective. Four core elements of Camellia grafting rootstock optimization principles Camellia oleifera rootstock and Camellia seedlings are the two major optimization plans. Camellia oleifera rootstocks have developed root systems and strong cold resistance, making them particularly suitable for northern regions; Camellia oleifera seedlings have the best compatibility and heal 40% faster after grafting than conventional varieties. It is recommended to use healthy plants 2-3 years old and 0.8- 1.5 cm in diameter, and the rootstock cortex should show a bright green active state. The best grafting period in the prime time window is the average daily temperature range of 25℃ from June to July, when the division activity of cambium cells reaches its peak. Experimental data shows that the survival rate of grafting at this stage can reach 92%, which is 35% higher than early spring grafting. It is necessary to avoid continuous rainy weather in the plum rainy season and choose to operate in the morning on a sunny day. Fine treatment of scion selects semi-lignified scion and retains 1-2 functional leaves to maintain photosynthesis. The 45-degree double bevel cutting method is adopted, and the cutting surface length is accurate to 1.8cm±0.2cm. The base of the scion needs to have a "heel"-shaped original tissue, which can increase the number of callus formation by 60%. The scientific grafting operation adopts the improved scarfing method: the rootstock incision depth is controlled to 2.2 cm, and the cambium alignment error needs to be less than 0.5 mm. Immediately after joining, secure with elastic tape and apply gardening sealing wax to the outer layer. A 1cm ventilation gap was reserved when bagging, and the humidity in the bag was maintained at 85% for 14 days. After-effect management of Camellia grafting requires 60% light protection for the first 20 days after grafting, and gradually increase the light after new buds germinate. Spray 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 7 days to promote lignification, and remove the bandage after 45 days. Pay special attention to the prevention and control of sucking pests such as aphids to avoid interface infections.
Through precise stock and ear matching and standardized operation, the success rate of camellia grafting can be stabilized at more than 90%. It is recommended that enthusiasts establish a grafting log to record key parameters such as temperature, humidity, and healing progress, and accumulate a grafting database in their exclusive area.