How to plant and manage chrysanthemums
As a famous traditional flower in China, chrysanthemum has both ornamental value and medicinal effects. Mastering scientific chrysanthemum planting techniques can significantly improve the flowering quality. This article systematically analyzes the entire process of chrysanthemum cultivation from substrate allocation to daily maintenance to help you cultivate high-quality chrysanthemums with large and colorful flowers. Detailed explanation of chrysanthemum planting technology scientifically mix soil and disinfection substrate according to the ratio of garden soil: leaf soil: river sand =4:3:3, and add 20kg of decomposed sheep dung per cubic meter. Before use, use sunlight exposure for 3 days or disinfection with potassium permanganate solution to effectively kill the eggs of soil-borne bacteria. It is recommended to add 5% perlite to enhance drainage and avoid accumulated water and rotten roots in the rainy season. Precise sowing and temperature-controlled germination are best from March to April in spring and September to October in autumn, with the seed spacing maintained at 3-5cm. The sowing depth is twice the seed diameter, and after covering with soil, spray 800 times carbendazim solution to prevent disease. Maintain the ambient temperature of 18-22 ° C and use black sunshade net to create a weak light environment. The seedlings can emerge neatly in about 10-15 days. Gradually increase the light after the key leaves for maintenance during the seedling period are unfolded to ensure 4 hours of scattered light every day. Use 1500 times solution of HuaDuoduo No. 1 (20-20-20) and spray it every 10 days. Pay attention to maintaining the temperature difference between day and night of 8-10℃ to effectively prevent seedlings from growing excessively. The core environment for chrysanthemum maintenance and management accurately regulates the growth period to maintain the day temperature of 22-25℃/the night temperature of 15-18℃, and appropriately cools the temperature to 18-20℃ during the flower bud differentiation period. A 50% sunshade net is used in summer, and direct light is guaranteed for 6 hours a day in winter. The air humidity is controlled at 60-70%, and ventilation is enhanced with circulating fans. Water and fertilizer cycle management Maintain the watering principle of "seeing dry, seeing wet" before buds appear, and properly control water after flower buds form. Apply decomposed cake fertilizer water (1:50) every month during the growing period, and apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate (800 times solution) 2-3 times during the bud appearing period. Pay special attention to applying balanced fertilizer to supplement nutrients after flowering. Pot replacement and soil improvement When changing pots in early spring every year, 1/3 of the old soil is removed and aging roots are pruned. Add 10% bone meal and 3% slow-release fertilizer to the new soil according to the original formula. After changing pots, pour thoroughly with root-fixing water and place in a cool place to slow down the seedlings for 7 days. Loose soil once a month to maintain soil permeability.
Through scientific chrysanthemum planting technology and refined management, it can achieve 2-3 flowering times a year. The key is to grasp the three major elements of soil improvement, temperature and light control, and fertilizer and water cycle, and cooperate with regular pot changes to maintain plant vitality. It is recommended to establish a maintenance log, record growth node data, and gradually optimize the cultivation plan.