Chrysanthemum Planting Methods and Management Paper
This article provides a detailed explanation of chrysanthemum planting methods and management papers, as well as the green plant flower cultivation methods. Let's learn about them together next.
Abstract: Chrysanthemums are very common ornamental flowers. With the improvement of public demand for living standards and environmental quality, more and more chrysanthemums are planted as ornamental plants. This article focuses on the cultivation of chrysanthemums, studying the technical essentials from aspects such as land preparation, propagation, field management, and the prevention and control of diseases and pests.
1 Technical Essentials of Land Preparation
Chrysanthemum planting has certain requirements for the land, needing good drainage and sufficient sunlight, with dry land or paddy fields being the best, and the pH value should be controlled between 6 to 8. It's better not to plant chrysanthemums in low-lying积水 areas. For fertilization, you can choose farm manure 4000kg/667hm2, superphosphate 50kg/667hm2, and soybean cake 40kg/667hm2, all of which are basic fertilizers. The soil should be loosened to a depth of 30cm and the surface leveled, forming high ridges of 1.2～1.5m. The soil can be sandy loam with good drainage to help improve the survival rate of seedlings, and shading work should be done.
2 Technical Essentials of Propagation
Chrysanthemum propagation can be subdivided into two major categories. The first is root division propagation, which is done when autumn arrives, after harvesting the chrysanthemums, by retaining the well-growing rhizomes, then using fertile soil for insulation to help them survive the winter. In March to April of the following year, they are taken out and watered with diluted dung water to help the branches germinate. By April to May, the chrysanthemum seedlings will grow to 15～25cm high. On a cool and shady day, the whole seedling is pulled out and then divided. Select strong and root-rich good seedlings, leaving about 20cm in length, and cut off the top of the chrysanthemum seedlings. Dig holes 6～10cm deep at a spacing of 40cm between rows and 30cm between plants, plant the seedlings one by one, press the soil firmly, and water in time. Generally, cutting propagation is carried out from April to May, and the selection of branches usually involves strong and disease-free ones.
The selected plants are cut, taking a length of 10～12cm, all leaves are removed, the lower end is cut obliquely, and yellow mud slurry is applied, and then planted at a spacing of 8cm×10cm. The cuttings are inserted 1/2～2/3 into the soil, and the cutting should be done immediately after trimming. One should be careful that the soil moisture should be controlled within an appropriate range during the cutting operation; too wet soil often has a low survival rate of seedlings, and the temperature needs to be controlled at 15～18℃. After the whole cutting process is completed, the straw is completely covered on it, and the shed is set up to effectively control the humidity. After 20 days of rooting, at 30～35 days, the height of the seedlings will reach about 20cm, and they can be transferred to the field for planting, with the same operation as division propagation.
Chrysanthemum Planting Methods and Management Paper
3 Technical Essentials of Potted Management
Potted management usually includes three operations: planting, topping, and heading. The timing of the planting operation is after the seedlings have been propagated by cutting from April to May, followed by a 30～35-day rooting process, then transferred to a fertile flower pot and watered thoroughly twice. After a 3～5-day observation period, maintaining a watering frequency of twice a day, when the chrysanthemum seedlings show no signs of wilt, normal operations can be performed. Topping is commonly known as topping, which is to remove the top of the seedlings after a week of planting to promote branching. Topping should be done every 15～20 days of growth.
4 Technical Essentials of Field Management
One of the primary tasks of managing chrysanthemums in the field is to till the soil and remove weeds. After the chrysanthemums have recovered, it is necessary to deeply hoe the soil on the basis of tilling and weeding to make the surface soil dry and loose. Next, it is important to control the watering and fertilizing process to promote the growth of the chrysanthemum roots while slowing down the growth of the above-ground parts. After the summer solstice, the chrysanthemum roots are relatively developed, and it is necessary to hoe shallowly to avoid damaging the roots. After this work is completed, top-dressing is needed. Chrysanthemums are one of the flower species that require a large amount of fertilizer, usually needing 2～3 applications of top-dressing. The first application of fertilizer is needed during topping and earthing, with the application of human manure 1000kg/667hm2; the second application is needed before budding, with the application of human manure 2000kg/667hm2, along with 15kg/667hm2 of superphosphate, which helps the chrysanthemum bloom more and larger flowers.
At this stage, it is also necessary to pay attention to the drainage and irrigation of chrysanthemums. During the drainage and irrigation process, it should be noted that after the seedlings have recovered, the amount of watering should be reduced, and the amount of watering should be increased appropriately when approaching the budding stage, as well as during dry weather and after top-dressing. In addition, during the rainy season, it is necessary to remove the accumulated water in the field in a timely manner. In addition to these tasks, topping and earthing are also important contents of chrysanthemum field management. During the whole growth stage of chrysanthemums, it is usually necessary to perform 1～3 times of topping, and the specific timing and number of times depend on the actual situation of chrysanthemum production. Proper topping can increase branching. Generally, the first topping is needed in early June, removing about 10cm and leaving about 30cm; the second topping is needed at the end of June; and the third topping is needed in late July. After the first topping, further tillage and weeding should be carried out to further promote the growth of the chrysanthemum roots and prevent lodging.