Comprehensive star mulching cultivation technique
The editor will answer the topic of knowledge about the herbaceous flower comprehensive star, the mulching cultivation technique of comprehensive star, let's follow the editor to see the specific content!
Mulching can increase soil temperature, making the comprehensive star grow vigorously and bloom 10 to 15 days earlier. After covering, soil moisture cannot penetrate the film into the atmosphere, which can play a moisture retention role. At the same time, the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of the soil is relatively large, and the moisture in the deep soil moves upward through capillary action to accumulate in the upper layer, playing a moisturizing role. Due to the balanced moisture in the soil after covering the film, the loss of water is less, thus greatly reducing the amount of irrigation water and also reducing the occurrence of soil compaction and soil-borne diseases caused by watering. With the improvement of soil temperature and moisture conditions, it is beneficial to the activity of microorganisms, accelerating the decomposition of organic matter in the soil, increasing the amount of available nutrients in the soil, and reducing the leaching and loss of soil nutrients. The soil must be finely and evenly prepared before laying the film, so that the film closely adheres to the soil after covering, without forming large gaps, otherwise, it will promote the growth of weeds, and the film will be broken by weeds, failing to play its intended role. Growers must pay attention to details.
Land preparation and application of sufficient base fertilizer
No tillage or weeding is generally carried out during the entire growth period, so sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before tillage, mixed thoroughly with the soil, and tilled multiple times to make the soil fine and loose; decide whether to irrigate depending on the soil moisture. The ridge should be made into a "round high ridge" with the middle high and the two sides having gentle slopes, which makes it easy for the film to be pulled tight and closely contact with the ground surface. The ridge height is 15 to 20 centimeters, the ridge width is from 8 to 10 centimeters, and the ridge ditch width is 40 to 50 centimeters, requiring a flat and finely fragmented soil surface. The quality of the mulching film is crucial to the success of the cultivation. The film should be covered immediately after making the ridge to prevent water evaporation. The film can be covered by a group of three people, one person lays the film in front, and two people pull it straight and press the soil to fix it on both sides, and the film should meet the standards of "tight, flat, and strict."
Planting
Select comprehensive star seedlings of suitable age, plant 3 to 5 days after covering the film. Two rows are planted per ridge, with a plant spacing of 40 to 50 centimeters. If early-maturing varieties are selected, the planting density can be increased appropriately, with a plant spacing of 25 to 30 centimeters. The plants should be arranged in an alternating pattern during planting, and the film should be cut into a "十字" (cross) shape to form planting holes, which should be as small as possible. After planting, pour enough water into the planting holes to settle the roots, and then cover the planting holes with soil.
Fertilization and irrigation
Applying sufficient organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer before covering the film can ensure the nutrient needs of comprehensive stars during different growth stages, so no top dressing is generally carried out in the early growth stage. Top dressing can be done in the middle and late stages of growth, either by foliar application or by applying a small amount of inorganic fertilizer along the planting holes with a fertilizer gun. The amount of water灌溉 should be reduced appropriately throughout the growing period. Water should be controlled in the early stage to prevent excessive growth and premature aging, and irrigation can be done in the middle stage depending on the soil moisture. When irrigating, a sharp metal tube can be placed at the front of the irrigation pipe and inserted diagonally into the film to irrigate water; alternatively, furrow irrigation can be used, but be careful not to flood, and remove standing water promptly after furrow irrigation. If a drip irrigation system is used, two drip pipes are used per ridge, and the drip pipes are placed under the film during mulching and planted along the drip line during planting. This way, watering and fertilization can be done through the drip pipes.
High pruning and branching
When using mulch, comprehensive star buds sprout more, and if pruning and removing buds are not done in time, the dense plant growth will not be conducive to ventilation and light transmission, leading to an increase in ineffective blind flower branches, severely affecting the quality and yield of cut flowers. High pruning techniques can effectively prevent the formation of comprehensive star rosettes, that is, not using conventional pruning methods during growth, but removing the growth point from 5 to 10 centimeters below the top when the plant bolts are about 30 centimeters tall, promoting the uniform growth of lower side branches, and removing excessive rosette-like side branches at the base to concentrate nutrients for the growth of upper buds. The high pruning method can make the comprehensive star bloom with high uniformity without affecting yield and quality.
Setting up supports to prevent lodging
After the cut flowers begin to be harvested, the remaining flower branches are prone to lodging, leading to a decrease in yield and quality of cut flowers in the middle and late stages, so supports need to be set up to support the plants. A mesh size of 25 centimeters by 25 centimeters is suitable. When stretching the net, a support is set up every 3 to 5 meters, with thick nylon ropes or wires passing through both sides of the net and tensioned and fixed at both ends of the ridge to make the net fully tight. The height of the net should be 25 to 30 centimeters above the ridge surface, which is convenient for cutting flowers and has good fixing effect.
Disease and pest control
The common diseases of comprehensive stars are mainly gray mold and stem rot. In the early stage of gray mold, a 50%扑海因 or 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder (800 to 1000 times liquid) or a 1000 to 1500 times liquid of carbendazim can be used, and one can be chosen, sprayed once a week, and continued for three to four times. Mulching can reduce soil splashing on the base of the stem, greatly reducing the incidence of stem rot. Once the plant is infected, it needs to be removed promptly, and the soil around the planting hole and the root zone of the adjacent plant should be irrigated with a 75%敌克松 wettable powder solution.
In recent years, the most serious pest affecting comprehensive stars is the leaf miner. The leaves and mesophyll eaten by the larvae form winding tunnels, leaving only the white epidermis, and in severe cases, the whole plant's leaves turn yellow and growth is severely hindered. Better control methods for leaf miners include isolating the source of pests, using yellow sticky paper cards to attract and kill, and chemical control. The best pesticides currently available are 1.8%爱福丁 emulsion (3000 times liquid), 90%巴丹 wettable powder (1000 times liquid), and 75%灭蝇胺 wettable powder (5000 times liquid), which should be used alternately, sprayed once every 7 days, and after 3 consecutive sprays, targeted control should be carried out based on the pest situation. The best time to spray is before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m., which has the strongest killing effect on larvae and adults.
Harvesting and preservation
Spring can be harvested when 75% of the flowers are open, and summer and autumn when 50% of the flowers are open. If harvesting is delayed, the flowers that bloom first tend to change color. Since the flower stems of comprehensive stars have poor water absorption, it is best to carry a water bucket to the field when harvesting, cut the flower stems and immediately insert them into the bucket to absorb water fully to prevent dehydration and drying. The cut comprehensive stars should be packaged and processed promptly and brought to the market or placed in a cold storage as soon as possible.
The shared experience of comprehensive star mulching cultivation technique of green plant flowers hopes to bring help to your life!