How to prevent and control common diseases of flowers?
In comparison with the related knowledge of flower clinics for most people, the methods of preventing and controlling common diseases of flowers can certainly help you. Let's learn about them together!
Flower diseases can be roughly divided into four major categories: fungal diseases, viral diseases, bacterial diseases, and nematode diseases.
(1) Fungal diseases and their prevention and control. There are mainly more than ten common fungal diseases in flowers, which are introduced as follows according to different prevention and control methods: ① Control methods for diseases such as powdery mildew, (T-J) disease, black spot, brown spot, leaf spot, and gray mold: First, clear away withered branches and leaves in late autumn or early spring and promptly cut off the diseased branches and leaves, burning them. Second, spray 65% zinc omadine 600 times solution for protection before the onset of the disease. Third, fertilize and water reasonably, paying attention to ventilation and light. Fourth, spray 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl 500-800 times solution, or 75% chlorothalonil 600-800 times solution at the initial stage of the disease. ② Control methods for rust disease: In addition to the above methods 1-3, spray 97% rust sodium 250-300 times solution (add 0.1% laundry detergent) or 25% flusilazole 2000-3000 times solution after the onset of the disease. ③ Control methods for damping-off disease and root rot: First, disinfect the soil with 1% formalin or steam the potting soil in a pot for 1 hour. Second, water when the soil is dry and wet, avoiding waterlogging. Third, at the initial stage of the disease, apply 50% zineb 300-400 times solution to the root zone, using 2-4 kg of solution per square meter. ④ Control methods for sclerotinia disease and sclerotium disease: First, use 1% formalin solution or 70% pentachloronitrobenzene to treat the soil, about 5-8 grams of pentachloronitrobenzene per square meter, mixed with 30 times of fine soil and applied to the soil. Second, choose healthy seedlings or soak them in 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 times solution for 10 minutes before planting. Third, practice crop rotation to avoid consecutive cropping. Fourth, water rationally and drain water after rain. ⑤ Control methods for sooty mold: After the onset of the disease, wash the affected branches and leaves with water and spray 50% carbendazim 500-800 times solution.
(2) Viral diseases and their prevention and control. In recent years, viral diseases have become the second most common after fungal diseases, affecting many valuable flowers such as narcissus, orchids, carnations, lilies, dahlias, tulips, peonies, tree peonies, chrysanthemums, gladioli, and African daisies. Symptoms include mosaic, yellowing, curling, deformation, dwarfing, and necrosis. Viruses are mainly transmitted through piercing insects and grafting, mechanical damage, etc. Once infected, it is difficult to control, so preventing viral diseases is essential. The main measures for preventing viral diseases include: selecting disease-resistant and resistant varieties, strictly selecting virus-free propagation materials, removing weeds to reduce virus infection sources, spraying 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000-1500 times solution to eliminate virus-carrying insects such as aphids and whiteflies, promptly removing and burning diseased plants, washing hands and tools that have come into contact with diseased plants with soap and water to prevent human transmission, heat treatment, such as soaking seeds in 50-55°C warm water for 10-15 minutes, and strengthening cultivation management, ensuring ventilation and light, and reasonable fertilization and watering to promote healthy growth of flowers, which can reduce the damage caused by viruses.
(3) Bacterial diseases and their prevention and control. Common bacterial diseases in flowers include soft rot, crown gall, and bacterial leaf spot. ① Control methods for soft rot: First, disinfect storage locations with 1% formalin solution and ensure ventilation and dryness. Second, practice crop rotation, and it is best to change the potting soil every year for potted plants. Third, control pests in time, starting from early spring, and use dimethoate and other insecticides to control underground pests. Fourth, after the onset of the disease, apply 600-800 times solution of dazoxon to the soil around the diseased plant roots. ② Control methods for crown gall: First, use disease-free seedlings, practice crop rotation, or treat the soil with pentachloronitrobenzene, 6-8 grams of 70% powder mixed with 0.5 kg of fine soil and turned into the soil. Second, immediately cut off the diseased tumor and disinfect with 0.1% mercuric chloride solution. ③ Control methods for bacterial leaf spot: First, spray 65% zinc omadine 600 times solution for prevention before the onset of the disease. Second, promptly remove and destroy the affected parts. Third, spray 50% thiophanate-methyl 800-1000 times solution at the initial stage of the disease.
The detailed content on how to prevent and control common diseases of flowers is provided above, hoping it can help you!