Method of planting grapes on the terrace
Introduction: Knowledge about grapes, the method of planting grapes on the terrace, let's take a look together!
What kind of plants are good to plant on the terrace, since the method of planting grapes on the terrace is not very difficult, some gardening friends will choose grapes. Actually, both the terrace and the balcony can be used to plant grapes, as long as there is a certain amount of soil and at least 6-8 hours of sunlight.
If you choose the fast-maturing grape variety, you can harvest fruits in the second year after planting in the first year. Next, I will tell you how to start planting grapes from scratch in chronological order. Assuming the planting location is south of the Yangtze River, friends in the north may need to slightly delay the planting time.
First year
Buy and plant the seedlings in January (or December of the previous year is also possible).
About soil: The more planting soil, the better. It's best to have a flower bed, but if not, you can use foam boxes to拼 together for planting. Prepare the soil in advance, preferably using a large amount of weeds and leaves as a base, covered with garden soil mixed with one-fifth sawdust or perlite to ensure looseness and breathability. The soil for the seedlings should not be too fertile, and the soil should be compacted to make the roots closely contact the soil.
About seedlings: All those 5-year-old or 8-year-old seedlings on Taobao are misleading you. The best way to plant grapes is to use 1-year-old seedlings, as they grow vigorously and can bear fruit in the second year, and start to produce a good harvest in the third year. Many old trees are generally discarded by grape gardens, with weak growth and poor roots, which will be difficult to produce a good harvest in the future.
Grapes grow into trees in three years and can be as thick as three fingers. Therefore, if you buy a 5-year-old seedling from Taobao, and it is only as thick as one finger when it arrives, it is even more of a rip-off. The seedlings are bare when bought, so just plant them and water thoroughly. During cold weather, do not water too much, just keep the soil slightly moist.
Beginners or places with a lot of rain can choose easy-to-grow varieties such as巨峰,夏黑, 寒香蜜, 白香蕉, 摩尔多瓦, 雨水红, etc. Among them, Moldova is a very satisfying variety, easy to bear fruit and not prone to disease, without the problems of fruit drop, blossom drop, or cracking fruit. The taste is a bit light, so it should be noted that this variety should be colored first and then sweetened, so it is best to hang it for another month after turning black, and it will be sweeter at this time.
April-May:
In early April, the seedlings start to sprout. Note that the seedlings bought are usually grafted ones, with a plastic film tied at the grafting joint. After the seedlings sprout, remove the plastic film. Remove all the buds that grow below the grafting joint, and select one strong branch to retain from the ones above, removing the rest.
After this branch grows 8 leaves, pinch the tip. After pinching, many leaves will sprout from the roots, leaving only the top one to grow into the main branch, and the rest are topped at 2 leaves. This bud is called the summer bud because it grows in the summer. There is another bud at the base of each leaf, which will not sprout this year but will grow in the spring of the following year, called the winter bud. The winter bud is the bud for the fruiting branch next year, and the purpose of pinching is to make it strong. The top summer bud is pinched repeatedly, leaving 7, 6, 5, 4 leaves each time.
If you are planting in a flower bed and the grapes grow thick, you can leave several branches that grow from the summer buds as the main branches and pinch them repeatedly according to the method of 8, 7, 6...
When the seedlings start to grow tendrils, you can start fertilizing with a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer, such as dissolved urea. Apply thin and frequent fertilization, and never over-fertilize the grapes. When the seedlings grow up, fertilize with a compound fertilizer dissolved in water once a week, and you can also add organic fertilizers such as cake fertilizer and chicken manure, but be sure to use them in moderation. After the leaves grow in May, you can spray foliar fertilizer with urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate dissolved in water, both at a concentration of 0.02%, focusing on the back of the leaves and also spraying some on the front. All the tendrils of the grapes should be cut off to avoid wasting nutrients, and the grape branches should be tied to the trellis with string.
The picture below shows the 1-year-old seedlings I planted in 2015, which is Hanxiangmi. Note the red circle is the grafting joint, and the branch below the red circle should be removed, leaving only the top bud. Even such a small seedling can bear a large number of fruits in the 16th year.
June
The plum rain season begins, and precautions should be taken to prevent grape diseases, using Bordeaux mixture to spray on both sides of the leaves, especially before heavy rain and after consecutive rainy days. Keep the terrace environment clean and free of debris, as this can easily lead to the generation of pathogens.
July
Grapes enter the flower bud differentiation stage at this time, which is crucial for a good harvest next year. Apply a small amount of boric acid and zinc sulfate to the soil, and also spray the leaves with a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, preferably every 10 days. Be sure to buy the genuine product of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, as 90% of the products in the bird and flower market are fake. You can buy the Guoguang brand on Taobao.
August-November In the hot season from August to September, pay attention to watering the grapes, usually twice a day on the terrace to ensure sufficient water. From October to November, grapes enter the root growth period again, and it is still necessary to apply thin and frequent fertilization, often using a 0.02% solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to promote root growth. But remember, do not make it too concentrated, as the most common mistake for beginners is to over-fertilize the grapes. In November, you can dig a hole 30 centimeters away from the grape roots and bury fish intestines or other organic fertilizers such as cooked eggs with a small hole pierced, which grapes love, and the grapes will be large and sweet next year. If you are planting in foam boxes, bury a small amount of fish intestines on the side of the box or use a cooked egg with a small hole pierced and buried in the soil.
December
After the grape leaves fall off, start pruning. Leave 5-6 buds at the bottom of each main branch grown this year and cut off the rest of the branches above.
Second year
In April, the grapes start to sprout, and the winter buds from last year sprout and have flower spikes. As shown in the picture (which is the flower spike of Jufeng):
After the flower spikes appear, special attention should be paid to preserving the flowers and fruits. Pay attention to the following points:
First, try to use less nitrogen fertilizer from sprouting to the appearance of flower spikes. If the grapes were strong last year and sufficient organic fertilizer was applied, you may not need to use nitrogen fertilizer. If not very strong, apply a urea solution once when sprouting and do not apply it afterwards. Also, water less during the flowering period, just keeping the soil slightly dry. Excess water and nitrogen fertilizer can cause flower drop.
Second, spray boron and zinc fertilizers on the leaves, using a concentration of 0.02% to 0.03%, every 10 days for 2-3 times. You can also spray foliar fertilizers such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Third, pay attention to disease prevention. At this time, grey mold and spike brown rot are the two main killers of grape flower drop. When the flower spikes grow to 6-7 centimeters long, you can spray凯泽 (Kaize) fungicide on the flowers.
May
At this time, the grapes are flowering. For varieties such as Hanxiangmi, Moldova, and Baixiangjiao, you can leave them alone, as they naturally set fruit well. For varieties such as Jufeng, Xiahei, Jumeigui, and Hongfushi in the Jufeng series, which are prone to flower and fruit drop, you need to pay attention to fruit preservation. You can use the American Qibao from Taobao for fruit preservation. It is actually gibberellic acid, which is safe, biologically derived, and allowed for use in the highest grade AA green agricultural products standard. If you are worried, think about using a bottle of beer, evaporating 90% of its water, and using the remaining solution to preserve fruit; the effect is the same, because the remaining solution is a concentration of百万分之二十 (ppm) of gibberellic acid (beer contains百万分之二 (ppm) of gibberellic acid). The picture below is of Qibao, which contains 200 milligrams of gibberellic acid, dissolved in 20 pounds of water, resulting in a百万分之二十 (ppm) concentration of gibberellic acid.
When the entire spike of grapes is open, spray gibberellic acid once, and then spray again after 12 days.
June
The grapes have small fruits. At this time, you can spray Bordeaux mixture on the fruit clusters to protect them and then bag them. The purpose of bagging is to prevent disease and birds. After the grapes have set fruit, apply a lot of fertilizer and water to promote fruit enlargement. At this time, apply more nitrogenous fertilizers, such as urea water.
Mid-June to August
This is the season for grape fruit maturity. If you want sweet and well-colored grapes, pay attention to applying more potassium fertilizer, such as using more chicken manure, and spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves or using high-potassium water-soluble fertilizers. This way, the grapes can grow beautifully and sweetly.
The above is the detailed content of the method of planting grapes on the terrace (detailed) for everyone's reference and operation.