How to plant and manage Platycodon grandiflorus, sharing practical planting techniques for Platycodon grandiflorus.

How to plant and manage Platycodon grandiflorusTell everyone about how to plant and manage Platycodon grandiflorus and share the related knowledge of practical planting techniques, and the editor will introduce the following."The autumn dew seems like a wisp of white smoke / drifting past the back door of the house / This smoke and dew are like silent fireworks / spreading in the nearby area / In the drifting autumn dew / one can dimly see many Platycodon grandiflorus flowers in the distance / These flowers bloom in the autumn dew like a thin cotton quilt /……"Platycodon grandiflorus has its origins in China, Japan, and Siberia, originally growing as a wild herb in the mountains, and now it has become a popular ornamental plant in many families. It is called "Doraaji" in the Korean language," which is said to be a girl's name. There is a very famous ballad called "Doraaji Song" in the Korean folk songs:"Doraaji, white Platycodon grandiflorus covering the mountains and fields, as long as you dig up one or two, you can fill my small vegetable basket. Hey hey yo, you, hey yo……"Picking, basket after basket, the song describes the scene of picking Platycodon grandiflorus.In the children's cartoon "Inuyasha," the characters and story come from the legend of Platycodon grandiflorus, and it is a flower loved by girls because it is a loyal flower, symbolizing unchanging love from generation to generation. Its legend is very beautiful, symbolizing eternal love, and is one of the flowers used to express feelings to lovers during the dating period. The meaning of the language of flowers for Platycodon grandiflorus has two interpretations, one is eternal love, and the other is hopeless love: representing that although the love is hopeless, it still keeps the love forever. The blooming of Platycodon grandiflorus is the arrival of happiness, some can grasp it, and others cannot, even if they can't grasp it, they will keep this hopeless love.Platycodon grandiflorus is a commonly used Chinese medicinal material. It has a long history and is sold domestically and internationally. It has the efficacy of clearing the lungs, resolving phlegm, benefiting the throat, and expelling pus. Originally wild, it was successfully trial planted in the 1970s and is now widely planted in Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hebei, Shandong, Sichuan, Zhejiang, and other regions in the Northeast and Inner Mongolia, becoming an increasingly popular Chinese medicinal material.How to plant Platycodon grandiflorus well? Guangxi Zhongnong Fuyu International Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. has summarized a set of planting and cultivation management techniques for Platycodon grandiflorus after years of planting exploration, bringing gospel to poor farmers for getting rid of poverty.Growing EnvironmentPlatycodon grandiflorus originally grows in dry slopes, hillsides, forest edges, shrubbery, and dry grasslands and meadows. It is cultivated in sunny and wind-protected, fertile areas. It prefers light, warm climate, can endure cold, and is afraid of waterlogging. It grows well in deep, fertile soil rich in humus, and easily rots in soil with excessive moisture or waterlogging.Planting Techniques1. Site selection and preparationChoose sunny, wind-protected, fertile, deep, loose, well-drained, humus-rich loamy soil for planting. Deep plow 25-40 centimeters in winter, apply sufficient base fertilizer during plowing, apply 2500 kilograms of organic fertilizer and 25 kilograms of superphosphate per 667 square meters. Then, plow and rake finely before sowing in the following spring, making flat or raised beds about 150 centimeters wide, with bed trenches 30 centimeters wide and 15 centimeters deep. Some areas use ridge sowing.2. Breeding methods(1) Sexual propagation: Use direct seeding and transplanting. The main roots of direct-seeded Platycodon grandiflorus are straight and thick, with fewer branches, which is convenient for processing. Seedling transplanting is beneficial for centralized management during the seedling stage, saving labor and land, but the main roots are not obvious, with many branches, making peeling and processing difficult.① Direct seeding: Spring sowing is from late March to mid-April (April to May in the Northeast), soak the seeds in 50°C warm water before sowing, stir until the water cools, then soak for 8 hours and cover with wet burlap to germinate. Rinse with warm water twice a day, after 4-5 days when the seeds start to germinate, you can sow. Autumn sowing is from mid-October to early November. Sow in furrows 20-25 centimeters apart on the bed surface, evenly sprinkle the seeds in the furrows, cover with 0.6-1 centimeter of soil, slightly press after sowing, water, and keep the bed surface moist. After autumn sowing, sprinkle a thin layer of charred soil to cover the seeds and cover with straw to prevent rain from washing away the seeds and to keep the seeds warm and moist. Seedlings usually emerge in the following April.② Transplanting: On the prepared bed surface, make furrows 10-15 centimeters apart, sow the seeds, cover with a thin layer of fine soil, press lightly, and cover with straw. After the seedlings emerge, remove the covering straw. Transplant after the above-ground parts wither in the fall or before the seedlings emerge in the following spring, dig up the roots, make furrows 20-25 centimeters apart, plant with a spacing of 6 centimeters, cover with fine soil, and slightly press. Water during dry spells and cover the bed surface with straw and water.(2) Asexual propagation (root head propagation): Planting period is from late March to early April (postpone appropriately in the Northeast), cut the root head (rhizome or stem) of the harvested Platycodon grandiflorus, 4-5 centimeters long, make holes 20-25 centimeters apart, 8-9 centimeters deep, and plant one in each hole. Cover with soil and water after planting.Cultivation Management1. Thinning and weeding: When the seedlings are 3-6 centimeters tall, thin the seedlings 1-2 times, thinning the dense seedlings. When the seedlings are 6 centimeters tall, thin the seedlings to a spacing of 6-10 centimeters. Remove the small, weak, and diseased seedlings during thinning. It is necessary to weed and loosen the soil frequently during the seedling stage. Weeding should be gentle to avoid pulling out small seedlings. Thinning should be combined with soil loosening and weeding. After thinning, cultivate the soil and weed at the right time to keep the soil loose and free of weeds. Loosening the soil should be shallow to avoid injuring the roots. After watering the planting site, loosen the soil shallowly when it is dry and wet. When the seedlings are about 15 centimeters tall, apply 20 kilograms of superphosphate and 12 kilograms of ammonium sulfate per 667 square meters, apply in furrows between rows, loosen the soil after application, and water during dry spells. Apply稀粪 once more when flowering in June and July. Before the rainy season, combine soil loosening to prevent lodging. If it is dry after thinning, water appropriately, and remove standing water from the field during the rainy season to prevent root rot.2. thin flowers, fruit, prevent lodging: Platycodon grandiflorus flowering and fruiting consume a lot of nutrients, affecting root growth. Thinning flowers and fruit is an important measure to increase production. Artificial deflowering has been used in production. Due to the strong apical dominance of Platycodon grandiflorus, after deflowering, lateral branches quickly sprout, forming new flower buds. This process needs to be repeated every half month, with a total of 5-6 times during the flowering period, which is not only labor-intensive but also inconvenient and damaging to the branches and leaves. You can use the plant hormone Ethephon at a concentration of 750-1000 mg/L, spray the flower buds during the full bloom period, and apply enough to cover the flowers, 75-100 kilograms of the solution per 667 square meters, which can achieve the effect of deflowering. This method is efficient, low-cost, and safe, worthy of promotion. Two-year-old Platycodon grandiflorus plants can reach 60-90 centimeters tall, and they are prone to lodging before flowering. You can do soil preparation work after winter, combined with fertilization; avoid applying too much nitrogen fertilizer in the spring to control stem growth; spray 500 times矮壮素 in April and May to increase stem thickness and reduce lodging.3. Seed saving: Platycodon grandiflorus has a long flowering period, first flowering from the top, and the fruits also mature from the top. In the northern regions, the seeds from the late period are often unable to mature due to the climate. You can cut off the small lateral branches and the top part of the inflorescence in early September to promote fruit maturity and seed filling. From September to October, when the fruit turns from green to yellow, cut off the fruit stalks, place them in a ventilated and dry room to ripen for 2-3 days, then dry and dehusk.Pest and Disease Control(1) Diseases① Damping-off: Mainly occurs during seedling emergence and expansion, causing the seedlings to wilt and die. Control methods: Before sowing, apply 75% pentachloronitrobenzene 1 kilogram per 667 square meters for soil disinfection. In the initial stage of the disease, apply pentachloronitrobenzene 200 times liquid to the diseased area, to a depth of about 5 centimeters.② Leaf spot: Mainly affects the leaves. Control methods: Remove withered branches, diseased leaves, and weeds from the field in early winter and burn them. In the summer, high temperature and humidity are the disease seasons; maintain good drainage around the field to reduce humidity and lighten the disease. In the initial stage of the disease, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture or 50% carbendazim, validamycin, or methyl thiophanate 1000 times liquid.③ Leaf blight: Is a fungal leaf disease. When the disease is severe, the lesions merge, and the leaves die. Control methods: Same as "Leaf spot."④ Root rot: Affects the roots. Control methods: Practice crop rotation, promptly remove diseased plants and burn them; disinfect the affected area with 10% lime water to control the spread; apply more organic fertilizer to improve the soil and enhance the plant's disease resistance; apply 50-100 kilograms of lime powder per 667 square meters in mountainous areas to reduce damage.⑤ Root rot: A fungal root disease that can cause the entire plant to die. Control methods: Choose deep, non-compacted, well-drained gentle slopes for planting, combine plowing and fertilizing, apply lime nitrogen, 50-75 kilograms per 667 square meters for disinfection, after half a month, make ridges. During the seedling stage, combine the control of soil insects, and apply 40% dimethoate emulsion 2000 times liquid, once every 15 days, for 3-4 consecutive times.⑥ Anthracnose: Mainly affects the base of the stem. This disease spreads rapidly and often causes the plant to wilt and die in patches. Control methods: Before emergence, spray 70% validamycin 500 times liquid; during the outbreak, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture, once every 10-15 days, for 3-4 consecutive times.⑦ Downy mildew: Mainly affects the leaves, but can also affect the roots. Control methods: Strengthen field management, drain water in the rainy season; spray 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture or validamycin 500 times liquid at the initial stage of the disease, once every 2-10 days, for 3-4 consecutive times.(2) PestsSpider mites: Damage the leaves, most likely to occur during dry seasons, can be controlled with dimethoate. Cutworms: Bite the tender stems and leaves, can be controlled by manual capture or bait luring. Aphids: Generally gather on the back of the leaves or stems, absorb sap, causing the leaves to thicken, curl, and the plants to become dwarfed and unhealthy. Control with dimethoate 2000 times liquid, spray once every 7-10 days, for 2-3 consecutive times.Harvesting and ProcessingPlatycodon grandiflorus is harvested after 2 or 3 years of planting. It is best to harvest in autumn when the above-ground stems and leaves wither, as the roots are solid and of good quality. If harvested too early, the roots are not fully developed, and if harvested too late, it is difficult to peel. Use a hoe to dig up the roots, remove the stems and leaves, and wash and dry the fresh roots. The bark should be scraped off while fresh, as it becomes difficult to scrape off as time goes by; after scraping, dry promptly to prevent mildew and discoloration, affecting quality.The above content on how to plant and manage Platycodon grandiflorus and share practical planting techniques for Platycodon grandiflorus is for your information, green plant enthusiasts.